Exam (elaborations)
Goodman and Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 13th Edition Brunton
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Goodman and Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 13th Edition Brunton
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Goodman and Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 13th Edition Brunton
-
Goodman and Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 13th Edition Brunton
-
Farmacología antibioticos clasificacion
Seller
Follow
phinta004
Reviews received
Content preview
Test Bank For Goodman and Gilmans The PharmacologicalBasis of Therapeutics 13th Edition Brunton | 9781259584732 |
All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
What is clinical pharmacology? - ANSWER: The study of drug action in man, providing the scientific
basis for rational, safe and effective prescribing
What is pharmacodynamics? - ANSWER: The study of what the drug does to the body
What are drug receptors? - ANSWER: They are proteins or glycoproteins that are either on the cell
surface, or on an organelle within the cell, or in the cytoplasm.
Name some common types of receptor. - ANSWER: - Channel-linked
- GPCRs
- Enzyme-linked
- Nuclear receptors
Describe the drug-dose response curve. - ANSWER: Curve which illustrates a drug dose and its efficacy
through measures of Emax and ED50.
What does Emax represent? - ANSWER: The maximal response of a drug
What does ED50 represent? - ANSWER: The level at which 50% of population has therapeutic effects
Define therapeutic index - ANSWER: The ratio between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose of a
drug, used as a measure of the relative safety of the drug for a particular treatment.
What is suggested by a large therapeutic window? - ANSWER: A drug with good beneficial effects and
low risk of adverse effects
What is an agonist drug? - ANSWER: A drug or substance that binds to a receptor inside a cell or on its
surface and causes the same action as the substance that normally binds to the receptor.
What is an antagonist drug? - ANSWER: A drug that blocks the receptor so they can't be activated by
the substance that would normally bind it.
What effect will an antagonist have on a drug-dose response curve? - ANSWER: Pushes the curve right
Define drug efficacy. - ANSWER: The extent to which a drug can have its effect.
Define drug potency. - ANSWER: The ability of a drug to achieve its effect at lower doses.
What is drug selectivity? - ANSWER: Ability of drug to interact with specific receptors of target tissue
and not with other receptors
What is drug desensitisation? - ANSWER: The reduced sensitivity of a receptor to a drug after a period
of time.
Define tachyphylaxis - ANSWER: Rapid decrease in response to the drug - "acute tolerance"
What are some of the causes of drug desensitisation? - ANSWER: 1. Receptor down-regulation:
reduction in the number of receptors
2. Changes in receptor structure or function
, 3. Exhaustion of mediators e.g. G-proteins
4. Physiological adaptation
What are some of the causes of reduced drug response? - ANSWER: 1. Altered physiology (weight,
age)
2. Disease progression
3. Drug interactions (e.g. starting a new drug)
4. Reduced adherence to regime
What is pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER: What the body does to the drug
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER: ADME
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
How are drugs absorbed? - ANSWER: Various different routes, depending on administration:
Oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal, IV, IM, SC, inhalation, transdermal, topical
What is the importance of route of administration on absorption? - ANSWER: Influences the rate of
absorption, also overcomes physiological issues e.g. first pass metabolism
What is the bioavailability of a drug? - ANSWER: Percentage of drug absorbed into systemic
circulation
Describe first-pass metabolism. - ANSWER: When the concentration of a drug is reduced before
systemic circulation, due enzymes in the intestinal wall and liver.
Which system in the liver accounts for most of the first-pass metabolism of drugs (hepatic
extraction)? - ANSWER: Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Which GI routes of administration may be utilised to overcome first-pass metabolism? - ANSWER:
Buccal, sublingual and rectal
How are buccal and sublingual drugs absorbed? - ANSWER: Into the capillaries of the oral circulation -
> drained into the vena cava -> returned to the heart -> pumped into systemic circulation
How are rectal drugs absorbed? - ANSWER: Lower 2/3s drained by inferior and middle haemorrhoidal
veins -> vena cava -> heart -> system circulation
What is the most direct route of drug administration into the systemic circulation? - ANSWER:
Intravenous (IV)
Ideal for very ill patients where a rapid response is required
In which case is it preferable to give an IV infusion over an injection? - ANSWER: When a drug has a
low therapeutic index, as high drug concentration in the plasma may not be desirable
In a drug concentration-time curve, what does a smaller area under curve (AUC) indicate? - ANSWER:
Reduced bioavailability
Usually seen in orally administrated drugs when compared to IV.
What are the 3 major compartments that a drug may be distributed into? - ANSWER: 1. Plasma
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller phinta004. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67163 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now