LOWA ORNAMENTAL AND TURFGRASS PEST
MANAGEMENT CATEGORY 3 OT EXAM 2024-2025
CH1: Define integrated pest management - ANSWER IPM is a strategy that uses
all available and appropriate pest control strategies to reduce pest population to
tolerable levels while minimising harmful environmental effects.
CH1 Explain how aesthetic thresholds influence IPM methods. IPM determines
aesthetic thresholds based on tolerance, personal comfort, taste, plant appearance,
and individual site and environmental variables.
CH1 Describe how IPM can reduce the use of pesticides. IPM decreases hazards by
reducing total pesticide use, employing the least hazardous pesticides when a
documented need exists, and implementing special protective measures to reduce
pesticide exposure to live beings and the environment.
CH1 List the six control techniques used in IPM - ANSWER 1: Cultural
2. Mechanical.
3. Host Resistance.
4. Biological
5. Regulatory
6. Chemical Practices
Define pesticides as compounds or mixtures intended to prevent, eradicate, repel,
or mitigate any pest, or to regulate plant growth.
touch pesticide is a pesticide that controls a pest when it comes into direct touch
with it.
, Systemic pesticide - ANSWER A pesticide that is absorbed and carried around a
plant via its sap.
Preemergence Herbicide is a herbicide that is sprayed before weed or crop
germination.
Postemergence Herbicide - ANSWER a herbicide used after weeds are actively
growing
Plant Disease Application Timing - ANSWER Efficacy of several fungicides in
protecting vulnerable tissues before infection occurs or at the first manifestation of
symptoms.
Insect application time - ANSWER Chemical control is more effective against
insects at their younger stages.
Annual weeds are easy to control in early spring while they are still small.
Biennials (Winter Annuals): ANSWER Should be treated in the autumn or early
spring, when the rosette stage is reached.
Perennial weeds can be controlled by applying herbicides during the early bloom
stage or in the autumn, when the plant is moving food stores to its underground
root system.
Describe how pesticide resistance develops in a pest population. Resistance is a
hereditary trait caused by repeated pesticide applications that target the same site of
action or method of action.
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