Chemical & Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
MCAT || with 100% Accurate Solutions.
In a barometer: if the external air force outweighs the weight of the mercury, then the column
______. If the external air force is less than the weight of the mercury, the column _____. correct
answers rises, drops
proteins correct answers amides are the functional groups present in:
fructose-6-phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, NADPH, ribose-5-phosphate correct answers
list all the products of the PPP:
going down periodic table due to greater size and polarizability correct answers Nucleophilicity
periodic trend increases:
sugars correct answers hemiacetals are present in:
ester correct answers triglycerides contain which functional groups
STP conditions used for gas calculations correct answers 273 K, 1 atm
Standard State, used for measuring standard enthalpy, entropy, free energy changes, and
electrochemical cell-voltage correct answers 298 K, 1 atm, 1 M
In gases the particles have a lot of energy. This means that they are not tightly packed and can
move apart. Gases can be compressed because the particles can be forced closer together. correct
answers Why are gas phases more compressible than liquid or solid phases?
Combined gas law correct answers P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
A mole of an ideal gas at STP occupies correct answers 22.4 L
Doubling the temperature of a gas would result in ____ its volume?
Doubling the pressure of a gas would result in _____ the volume?
Doubling both the temperature and pressure at the same time results in a final volume that is
____ to the original volume? correct answers doubling, halving, equal
Avogado's Principle states correct answers volume & gas are directly proportional, equal
volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules
Boyle's Law states that correct answers the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its
pressure
Charle's Law states that correct answers at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly
proportional to its absolute temperature
,Gay-Lussac's Law, complementary to Charle's Law, states that correct answers pressure of a gas
is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures correct answers mole fraction x total pressure
The mole fraction (Xa) correct answers moles of a gas A/ total moles of a gas
According to Henry's Law, the Vapor Pressure is the pressure exerted by correct answers
evaporated particles above the surface of a liquid
What are the assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular Theory correct answers Gas particles have
negligible volume
Gas particles do not undergo IMF or repulsions
Gas particles undergo collisions w each other & container
Collisions between the gases & the walls are elastic
Average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to T
What does it mean for a collision to be elastic? correct answers The Kinetic Energy and
momentum are conserved
Average Molecular Speed correct answers average KE of a particle is proportional to the
absolute temperature of the gas
molecules move from high to low concentrations in correct answers diffusion
gases move through a small hole under pressure in correct answers effusion
heavier gases diffuse more ____ than lighter gases because of their differing ______ _____
correct answers slowly, average speeds
rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles
under isobaric/isothermic conditions correct answers Graham's Law
Gases deviate from ideal gas conditions at correct answers high pressure (low volume) or low
temperature
_____ is a liquid to solid transition, _____ is a gas to liquid transition, and _____ is a solid to gas
transition. correct answers Crystallization, condensation, sublimation
Equation for energy involved in phase change correct answers q = Hfn.
Sulfuric acid has several hydrogen bond donating and accepting sites, making it a _____ molcule
correct answers Hygroscopic
,______ always occurs at the anode and _______ always occurs at the cathode, regardless of
electrochemical cell type correct answers oxidation, reduction
Advantageous properties for a titrant in a redox titration are that the net electrochemical reaction
must have ____ _____ ____, and the titrant must be able to be standardized or exist in a pure
_____ form. correct answers positive electric potential, solid
The reversal of the normally spontaneous reaction of a battery requires an attached voltage cell,
rendering nonspontaneous or an _____ cell correct answers electrolytic
Cations migrate to the correct answers cathode
For a galvanic cell the sign of the anode is _____ due to the spontaneous release of electrons
during oxidation. In an electrolytic cell the cathode is ____ correct answers negative, negative
Oxidation takes place at the negative electrode in a ______ cell during the discharge cycle, and
at the positive electrode in an ______ cell during the recharging cycle. correct answers Galvanic,
electrolytic
A galvanic cell with two identical electrodes correct answers concentration cell
_____ radiation does not change the number of particles in the parent nucleus correct answers
gamma
In ____ emission, a neutron in the parent nucleus is converted into a ____ in the daughter
nucleus correct answers beta, proton
Both positron emission and electron capture result in a reduction in the correct answers atomic
number (protons)
Without a functional salt bridge what occurs to the electrons and the current correct answers
electrons will stop flowing and the current will be 0.
During the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of KCl, what is produced at the cathode correct
answers H2 (g)
What happens in a Daniell Cell without a functional salt bridge correct answers electrons will
stop flowing and the current will be 0
electrical current travels from the ___ to ____ correct answers cathode, anode
A _______ molecule has unpaired electrons. A _____ molecule has all its electrons paired
correct answers paramagnetic molecule
diamagentic molecule (Die together)
Ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism refer to correct answers spin alignment in materials
, To find delta G in a reaction use correct answers ΔG = -nFE (E = sum of the potentials)
A corrosion pit is best described as an correct answers anode of an electrolytic cell, metal is
oxidized to an ionic form in the pit and the electrons lost can react in a reduction reaction at a
distant surface site of the metal
The strongest oxidizing agent is the substance most likely to be ______ and the substance with
the highest what correct answers reduced, highest oxidation potential (least negative)
emission of a β- particle causes correct answers increase atomic number, same mass number
Emission of β+ particles correct answers converts a proton to a neutron
Emission of γ radiation correct answers will not change the mass or the atomic number.
Which periodic trends increase left to right? Which decrease? correct answers Ionization energy,
electron affinity, electronegativity
Atomic radius decreases
Which periodic trends decrease top to bottom? Which increase? correct answers Ionization
energy, electron affinity, electronegativity
Atomic radius increases
Electron configuration for Co-60m correct answers [Ar] 4s2 3d7
Why are semiconductors able to conduct electricity even though semiconductors and insulators
both have a gap between valence and conduction bands correct answers The gap between
valence and conduction bands is smaller for semiconductors compared to insulators
The heavier Group I metals have melting points ____ than lighter transition metals correct
answers lower
Why do transitional elements have higher melting points than Group I metals? correct answers
Transition metal elements can have both d and s electrons delocalized
Metals readily absorb and conduct heat primarily because correct answers the heat energy is
absorbed by delocalized electrons as kinetic energy
Nuclear charge increases with more ____. Stronger metallic bonds occur with ___ nuclear charge
and _____ delocalized electrons correct answers protons, bigger, more
Which of the following transition metal elements does not have a half-filled d-orbital? correct
answers W
