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NREMT FINAL EMT-BASIC
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NREMT FINAL EMT-BASIC
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NREMT FINAL EMT-BASICcardio vascular system - Answers -made up of the heart and the blood vessels,
circulation of blood into the right atrium to the right ventricle out to the lungs back into
the left atrium to the left ventricle out through the body.
cardiac conductive system - Answers -electrical impulses and specialized muscles that
cause the heart to contract
red and white blood cells, platelets and plasma - Answers -blood composition
cardiac compromise - Answers -a blanket term that refers to a heart problem with a
rapid onset
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - Answers -a blanket term used to represent any
symptoms related to lack of oxygen (ischemia) in the heart muscle.
angina - Answers -rest makes it better, partial blockage in the heart.
- Answers -
dyspnea - Answers -shortness of breath, labored or difficult breathing.
bradycardia - Answers -slow heart rate below 60 beats per minute
tachycardia - Answers -fast heart rate above 100 peats per minute.
- Answers -
Patient care of cardiac compromise - Answers -position of comfort, hypotensive may be
better lying down which allows more blood to flow to the brain. If both difficulty breathing
and hypertensive than may be hard to find a good position for both. APPLY high
concentration oxygen with nonrebreather mask. Altered mental status may require
opening and maintaining airway. If no ventilating adequately, you will need to ventilate
him. Transport immediately if
no history of cardiac problems, history of cardiac problems but dos not have
nitroglycerin or systolic blood pressure below 90-100.Determing where the patient will
be transported. Give the patient or help the patient with nitroglycerin
hypotensive - Answers -blood pressure less than 90
cardiac problems in children - Answers -usually have healthy hearts, most are
congenital or brought on by breathing problems.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - Answers -when coronary arteries are blocked or
narrowed which reduces the amount of oxygenated blood delivered to the heart. Stress
,on the heart can cause heart rate to increase which requires more oxygen. Narrowing
causes less available oxygen.
Atherosclerosis is a build up of fatty deposits known as plaque. Arteriosclerosis is a
stiffening due to calcium build up. hardening of the arteries
Atherosclerosis - Answers -is a build up fatty deposits known as plaque.
Arteriosclerosis - Answers -is a stiffening or hardening of the arteries due to calcium
build up.
Thrombus - Answers -clot and debris formed from a blood clot
occlusion - Answers -when a thrombus (blod clot of debris) cuts off blood flow or
narrows the blood vessel. it is still attached.
embolism - Answers -when a occlusion breaks off and moves down the narrowing
vessel and causes blockage which cuts off oxygen flow to the tissues.
aneurism - Answers -weekened sections in the arterial walls begin to dilate (balloon).
dysrhythmia - Answers -a malfunction of the heart's electrical system, irregular or
absent heart rhythm. Bradycardia and Tachycardia
no pulse rhythms - Answers -ventricular tachycardia, pulseless electrical activity and
asystole.
cardiac arrest - Answers -no pulse dude
mechanical malfunctions of the heart - Answers -can cause myocardial infarction, an
area that has not recieved oxygen and can no longer function causing areas of the heart
with no ability to pump. Areas of the heart die. This can lead to cardiac arrest, shock,
pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure. After a heart attack the damaged area
can burst open called cardiac rupture.
Angina Pectoris - Answers -pain in the chest. Angina attack. Pain usually deminished
when the patient relaxes. Attack usually does not last longer than 3-5 minutes.
Acute Myocardial Infarction - Answers -when a portion of the myocardium (heart
muscle) dies as a result of oxygen starvation. Usually due to
trauma patient - Answers -a patient suffering from one or more physical INJURIES
Trauma means - Answers -Physical INJURY
,MOI- mechanism of injury - Answers -death in same passenger compartment, steering
wheel, gun shot wound to head chest or abdomen, fall of more than 15 ft or 3 times
patient's height, unresponsive or altered mental status,
chief complaint - Answers -what the patient tells you is the matter
Focused Physical exam - Answers -what you can see and what the patient tells you.
Palpate entire body and look and feel for DCAP-BTLS
Swelling - Answers -injured capillaries bleeding under the skin. Edema
Totally naked for medical assessment, often because the clothes were cut off by trauma
scissors. - Answers -Trauma Naked
DCAP-BTLS and crepitation, CSF - Answers -How to inspect the head
neck - Answers -DCAP-BTLS jugular vein distention, crepitation
chest - Answers -DCAP-BTLS paradoxical motion, crepitation, breath sounds (present,
absent, equal)
DCAP-BTLS firmness, softness, distention - Answers -how to assess the abdomen
pelvis - Answers -DCAP-BTLS pain, tenderness, crepitation, motion, bleeding, fecal
matter and/or urine.
DCAP-BTLS CSM Cap Refil - Answers -How to check extremities
- Answers -
things to consider and look at in a vehicle collision - Answers -steering wheel, pedals,
dashboard, rear-view mirror
rapid trauma assessment - Answers -a rapid assessment of the head, neck, chest,
abdomen, pelvis, extremities, and posterior of the body to detect signs and symptoms of
injury
cretitation - Answers -a grating sound or feeling of broken bones rubbing together
jugular vein distention (JVD) - Answers -bulging of the neck veins
normal to see while patient is lying down
flat veins while lying down may be a sign of blood loss
stoma - Answers -a permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient
breathes
, tracheostomy - Answers -a surgical incision held open by a metal or plastic tube.
paradoxical motion - Answers -movement of a part of the chest in the opposite direction
to the rest of the chest during respiration
distention - Answers -a condition of being stretched, inflated, or larger than normal
when palpating 4 quadrants - Answers -gently once on each quadrant.
upper left, right, lower left and right. Palpating site that has pain last. Checking for
firmness can mean internal bleeding or injury. A pulsating mass could mean an
enlarged aorta, do not press any further.
young children may feel more comfortable with physical exam if.. - Answers -you start at
the toes and work your way up.
Medical patient - Answers -a patient suffering from one or more medical diseases or
conditions.
- Answers -
OPQRST - Answers -onset, provocation, quality, radiation, severity, time
structures of the respiratory system - Answers -nose, mouth, oropharynx, nasopharynx,
epiglottis, trachea, cricoid cartilage, larynx, bronchi, lungs, alveoli, and diaphragm.
inspiration - Answers -active process, intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract,
expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs.
expiration - Answers -passive process, intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphtagm
relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and forcing air from the lungs.
exhalation - Answers -another term for expiration
adequate breathing rates - Answers -12-20 per min. Adults
15-30 per min. Child
25-50 per min. Infant
qualities of adequate breathing - Answers -Present and equal
unlabored, normal effort
no unusual sound when auscultated
- Answers -
inadequate breathing Quality - Answers -diminished, unequal, or absent
inadequate or unequal
Labored, increased respiratory effort, use of accessory muscles
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