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ADVANCE PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ADVANCE PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY: FINALEXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Albuterols-sans--Class:sShortsactingsB2sagonistswithsminorsB1s
Usedsfor:sBronchospasmssassociatedswithsasthma,sbronchitiss(acutesorschronic),sandsCOP
D
ADR:sPotentialsdrug-
inducedshyperglycemia,scardiacsarrhythmias,ssomesCNSsexcitationseffectss(tremors,sdizzi
ness),sHA,stachycardia,spalpitations
Comments:sSafesforschildrensandspregnancy;smayscombineswithsipratropium;sleastsexpens
ive
Terbutalines-sans--Class:sShortsactingsB2sagonistswithsminorsB1
Usedsfor:sBronchospasmssassociatedswithsasthma,sbronchitiss(acutesorschronic),sandsCOP
D
ADR:sPotentialsdrug-
inducedshyperglycemia,scardiacsarrhythmias,ssomesCNSsexcitationseffectss(tremors,sdizzi
ness),sHA,stachycardia,spalpitations
X:sPregnancyscategorysBsorsC
Salmeterols-sans--Class:sLongsactingsB2sagonist,smoresselectives
Usedsfor:sBronchospasmssassociatedswithsasthma,sbronchitiss(acutesorschronic),sandsCOP
D
ADR:sPotentialsdrug-
inducedshyperglycemia,scardiacsarrhythmias,ssomesCNSsexcitationseffectss(tremors,sdizzi
ness),sHA,stachycardia,spalpitations
Comments:sDosnotsusesalonesforspersistentsasthma,scombineswithsansinhaledscorticosteroi
d;sdon'tswashsit,spowderscansgetsclogged
Whatsaressomesthingssyouscanseducatesyourspatientssonsregardingsbetasagonistsinhalers?s-
sans--1.sDemonstratesandshavespatientsdosreturnsdemonstration
2.sCheckscorrectsinhalersusesifspatientssayssit'ssnotsworking
3.sEncouragesusesofsspacer
Fluticasones-sans--Class:sInhaledscorticosteroid
Usedsfor:s1stslinestreatmentsforspersistentsasthma
MOA:sAnti-inflammatory,sminimalssystemicsexposure
Budesonides-sans--Class:sInhaledscorticosteroid
Usedsfor:s1stslinestreatmentsforspersistentsasthma
MOA:sAnti-inflammatory,sminimalssystemicsexposure
,Zafirlukasts-sans--Class:sLeukotrienesmodifier/antagonist
Usedsfor:s2ndslinestosdecreasesbronchoconstriction,sedema
MOA:sWorksssimilarstosprostaglandinssinsr/tstosinflammation,sblocksslipoxygenase
Theophyllines-sans--Class:sXanthine;sstimulant
Usedsfor:sAsthma
MOA:sBronchialssmoothsmusclesrelaxation
ADR:scardiovascularseffects,sincreasedsgastricsacidsproduction,sCNSseffectss(irritability,sre
stlessness,sseizures,sinsomnia),sGIseffectss(reflux,sworsenssheartburn),scardiacseffectss(pa
lpitations,stachycardia,shypotension,slife-threateningsarrhythmias)
X:sGERD,sHTN,sischemicsheartsdx,scoronarysinsufficiency,sCHF,shistorysofsstroke,scardiacs
arrhythmias;ssmokingsincreasessclearance
Comments:sStaysawaysfromscharcoal-
broiledsfoodss(acceleratesstheshepaticsmetabolism),savoidslargesamountssofscaffeinescontai
ningsbeverages;seliminationsissinfluencedsbysdiet
WhatsaresthessignssofsTheophyllinestoxicity?s-sans--
Vomiting,sinsomnia,sjitteriness,sHA,sseveresGIspain,sirregularsheartbeat
IpratropiumsBromides-sans--Class:sInhaledsanticholinergic
Usedsfor:sNOTs1stsline,ssupplementalsusesinsacutesbronchospasm
MOA:sBlockssthesmuscarinicscholinergicsreceptors,scausessbronchialssmoothsmusclesrelax
ation;susessalternatespathway,seffectssadditiveswithsbetasreceptors
Whatsissasthma?s-sans--
Chronicsinflammatorysdisordersofsthesairways,srecurrentsepisodessofswheezing,sbreathless
nesssandscheststightness,sairflowsobstructionsissreversibles-
srecommendationssbysExpertsPanelsIIIsisstostakesansaggressivesapproachstosgainsquickscont
rol
Whatswouldsyoustreatsmildsintermittentsasthmaswith?s-sans--Steps1stherapy:
1.sUsesshortsactingsB2sagonistssPRNsforssymptomss-
spatientssmayshavessymptomsswhensexposedstostriggerss(URI,sallergens,schemicalsinhalen
ts,sexercise)
2.sEducatesonsannualsflusshot
Whatswouldsyoustreatsmildspersistentsasthmaswith?s-sans--Steps2stherapy:
1.sLong-term/lowsdosesinhaledscorticosteroidsssuchsassFluticasonesorsBudesonide
2.sUsesshortsactingsB2sagonistsPRN,sifsusingsmoresthans2sdays/week,sthensstepsupstherapy
Whatswouldsyoustreatsmoderatespersistentsasthmaswith?s-sans--Steps3stherapy:
1.sTreatswithsmediumsdosesinhaledscorticosteroidss(FluticasonesorsBudesonide)sOR
1.sLowsdosesinhaledssteroids(FluticasonesorsBudesonide)splusslongsactingsB2sagonists(Adv
airsorsSalmeterol)sOR
, 1.sMediumsdosesinhaledssteroids(FluticasonesorsBudesonide)splussleukotrienesreceptorsant
agonists(Zafirlukast)
2.sMaysusesshortsactingsB2sagonistss(AlbuterolsorsTerbutaline)
Whatswouldsyoustreatsseverespersistentsasthmaswith?s-sans--Steps4stherapy:
1.sMediumsdosesinhaledscorticosteroids(FluticasonesorsBudesonide)sANDslong-
actingsB2sagonists(Salmeterol)sOR
1.sMediumsdosesinhaledscorticosteroids(FluticasonesorsBudesonide)sANDsasleukotrienesmo
difiers(Zafirlukast)sORsTheophylline
Steps5stherapy:
1.sHighsdosesinhaledscorticosteroidsANDslongsactingsB2sagonist
Steps6stherapy:
1.sHighsdosesinhaledscorticosteroidsANDslongsactingsB2sagonistsANDsoralscorticosteroid
**Severespersistentsasthmasrequiressconsultationswithsasthmasspecialist
Whatsdrugsswouldsyousconsidersforspregnantspatientsswhoshavesasthma?s-sans--
Inhaledsbetasagonistssaresacutesdrugsofschoice;sinhaledscorticosteroidssarestheslongstermsd
rugsofschoice
Whenswouldsyousrefersaschildswithsasthmastosasspecialist?s-sans--Atssteps3stherapy
WhenswouldsyousconsidersusingsaslongsactingsB2sagonistssassmonotherapy?s-sans--
IfsyourspatientshassCOPD
Systematicsantibioticssaresrequiredsfors____?s-sans--
Moderatestosseveresimpetigo,sboils,sabscesses,sperianalsstrep,scellulitis,sMRSAssuspected
sskinsinfections
Mupirocins-sans--Class:sTopicalsATB
Usedsfor:sMildsimpetigo,snasalsMRSAscarriers
Comments:sGenericsMupirocinsisslesssexpensive
Bacitracins-sans--Class:sTopicalsATB
Usedsfor:sMildsimpetigo
Comments:sCansbescombinedstosmakesdoublesorstriplesATB
Retapamulins-sans--Class:sTopicalsATBs
Usedsfor:sMildsimpetigosorsnasalsMRSAscarriers
Comments:sCannotsbesgivensintranasalsorswillsdestroyssensesofssmell
PolymixinsBs-sans--Class:sTopicalsATB
Usedsfor:sMildsimpetigo
Comments:sAsdoublesandstriplesATB
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