The multi drug resistance proteins (or p-glycoproteins) can protect liver and kidney
cells by exporting harmful chemicals against a concentration gradient in an energydependent manner. WThe multi drug resistance proteins (or p-glycoproteins) can protect liver and kidney
cells by exporting harm...
The pKa (for the COOH group) of each of the three drugs is as follows: thyroxine =
3.0, mesothyroxine = 4.0, neothyroxine = 5.0. Of these, which will be absorbed to the
greatest extent from the stomach (pH = 1.0)?
✓ ~~~ neothyroxine
The multi drug resistance proteins (or p-glycoproteins) can protect liver and kidney
cells by exporting harmful chemicals against a concentration gradient in an energy-
dependent manner. What is this called?
✓ ~~~ active transport
Phase II conjugates typically have the following property/properties
✓ ~~~ rapidly excreted in the urine
A drug with a half-life of 2 hours is administered by continuous intravenous infusion.
How long will it take for the drug to reach 50% of its steady state concentration?
✓ ~~~ 2 hours
Caffeine is eliminated primarily by metabolism and with first order kinetics. The half-
life of caffeine varies significantly with individuals, but is on average 5.0 hours. The
volume of distribution is 0.60 L/kg. Joe has a mass of 70 kg and is an average
subject with regard to caffeine pharmacokinetics. He has a regular habit of
consuming a cup of coffee (85 mg of caffeine) at 8 am.
,What is the clearance value (CL) of caffeine in a normal individual?
✓ ~~~ 0.083 L/hr/kg
Which of the following routes is most likely to be affected by the first-pass effect?
✓ ~~~ oral
A drug, given as a 150 mg single dose, results in a peak plasma concentration of 10
ug/mL. The apparent volume of distribution is (rapid distribution and negligible
elimination prior to measuring the peak plasma level):
✓ ~~~ 15 L
Which of the following are routes of drug clearance?
-renal
-sweat
-intestines
✓ ~~~ all of the above
What factor(s) may reduce drug bioavailability?
-gastric acid instability
-first-pass affect
-exposure to digestive enzymes
✓ ~~~ all of the above
What type of receptor is the muscarinic receptor?
, ✓ ~~~ G-protein coupled receptor
For a cholinesterase modified by an organophosphate compound (e.g. soman), what
is the time-dependent dealkylation process called yielding an enzyme refractory
toward reactivation?
✓ ~~~ aging
Muscarinic receptors bind
✓ ~~~ acetylcholine
Which of the following is a clinical use for a muscarinic agonist?
✓ ~~~ "switching on" the urinary tract after surgery
Indirect cholinergic agonists cause
✓ ~~~ inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and a corresponding increase in the synaptic
acetylcholine levels
Which of the following is characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system?
✓ ~~~ responded predominate during physical activity or when experiencing fright
A patient with an acute attack of glaucoma is treated with pilocarpine. The primary
reason for its effectiveness in this condition is its:
✓ ~~~ ability to lower intraocular pressure
Put the following steps in the correct order for neurotransmission at the cholinergic
neuron
, ✓ ~~~ 1. acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA
2. acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles into the synaptic cleft
3. acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA
4. acetylcholine is degraded by acetylcholinesterase
The autonomic nervous system innervates all of these except
✓ ~~~ skeletal muscle
A soldiers' unit has come under attack with a nerve agent. The symptoms exhibited
are skeletal muscle paralysis, profuse brachial secretions, miosis, bradycardia, and
convulsions. The alarm indicates exposure to an organophosphate. What is the
correct treatment?
✓ ~~~ administer atropine and 2-PAM (pralidoxime)
a study examining how a drug is distributed throughout the body and how the drug is
changed before eliminated is an example of
✓ ~~~ pharmacokinetics
knowing that all three drugs interact with the same receptor, which drug is a
competitive antagonist?
✓ ~~~ C on graph
rate the following drugs labeled 1-4 based on increasing efficacy
✓ ~~~ 2<4<1<3
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