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Biology 114 Exam 1 (Answered) 185 Questions and Correct Answers, With Verified Solution| 100% Correct. Latest Fall 2025/2025. $13.49   Add to cart

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Biology 114 Exam 1 (Answered) 185 Questions and Correct Answers, With Verified Solution| 100% Correct. Latest Fall 2025/2025.

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Biology 114 Exam 1 (Answered) 185 Questions and Correct Answers, With Verified Solution| 100% Correct. Latest Fall 2025/2025.

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  • August 16, 2024
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Biology 114 Exam 1 (Answered) 185
Questions and Correct Answers, With
Verified Solution| 100% Correct. Latest
Fall 2025/2025.
Polymer

Long, linked by covalent bonds

Monomers

Building blocks of polymers

Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Which macromolecules are polymers

Enzymes

Macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions

Dehydration reactions

Monomers are connected through _________ _______ with the loss of a water molecule

Hydrolysis

Disassemble polymers

Carbohydrates

Include sugars and polymers of sugars

Monosaccharides

Have molecular formulas that are some multiple of unit Ch2O and are the simplest sugars

Disaccharides

2 monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage

Glycosidic linkage

A covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides by dehydration reactions

Maltose

Glucose + glucose

Sucrose

,Glucose + fructose

Lactose

Glucose + galactose

Polysaccharides

Macromolecules, polymers with many monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages

Starch

Plants store, ________ a polymer of glucose monomers

Glycogen

Animals store, _______ a polymer of glucose; similar to amylopectin but more branched

Cellulose

A major component of the tough wall as that enclose plant cells and the most abundant organic
compound on Earth

Microfibrils

Strong building material for plants

Chitin

The carbohydrate used by Arthropoda to build their exoskeletons

Lipids

grouped together because they mix poorly with water which is based on their molecular structure

Fat

Constructed from 2 smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids

Glycerol

An alcohol that has 3 carbons each with a hydroxyl group

Fatty acid

A long carbon skeleton (16 or 18 carbons)

Triacylglycerol

Consists of 3 fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule

Saturated fatty acid

No double bonds

Unsaturated fatty acid

, One or more double bonds (cis formation)

Phospholipids

Similar to fat molecules but only have two fatty acids attached to a glycerol and a phosphate group

Steroids

Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton with 4 rings

Cholesterol

Type of steroid that is a crucial molecule in animals

Catalysts

Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without being consumed by it

Polypeptide

A polymer of amino acids

Protein

A biologically functional molecule made up of 1 or more polypeptides, each folded and coiled into a 3D
shape

Amino acid

An organic molecule with an amino group and carboxyl group

Peptide bond

When 2 amino acids are positioned correctly, the carboxyl group joins to the amino group with a water
molecule removed

Primary structure

The linear chain (sequence) of amino acids

Secondary structure

The region stabilized by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone

Alpha helix

A delicate coil held together by hydrogen bonding between every fourth amino acid

Beta pleated sheet

2 or more segments of polypeptide chain are connected by hydrogen bonds between 2 parallel segments
of the backbone

Tertiary structure

A 3D shape stabilized by interactions between side chains

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