Exam (elaborations)
NUR968 The Internal Environment - The Cell & Its Functions -Transport Through Cell Membranes
- Course
- Institution
NUR968 The Internal Environment - The Cell & Its Functions -Transport Through Cell Membranes...
[Show more]
Content preview
NUR968 The Internal Environment - TheCell & Its Functions -Transport Through
Cell Membranes
How much does INTRACELLULAR fluid account for of total body water
(TBW)? - ANSWER 2/3 (distributed within the cell)
How much does EXTRACELLULAR fluid account for of total body water
(TBW)? - ANSWER 1/3 (distributed outside the cell)
What makes up extracellular fluid? (2) - ANSWER 1. Interstitial fluid
2. Intravascular fluid
a. __: fluid distributed within the cell
b. __: fluid that is outside of the cell
c. __: fluid in the blood vessels - ANSWER a. Intracellular
b. Interstitial
c. Intravascular
What is the actual "internal environment?" - ANSWER Extracellular fluid
-The "bath water" that surrounds the cells & contains nutrients & ions
needed to maintain cell life
True or false: Ions & fluids are distributed differently between compartments
- ANSWER True
For cells to live, they must be suspended in an environment that supports
,life. How much of the ADULT human body is comprised of water?*** -
ANSWER 60% (2/3)
-Even greater water % in children
Where does the water outside the cell reside? (2) - ANSWER 1. Interstitial
fluid
2. Intravascular fluid
Which part of the internal environment can we directly manipulate in
anesthesia? - ANSWER Intravascular component
True or false: The extracellular fluid is in constant motion throughout the
body & between compartments - ANSWER True
What's critical to note about ion & water concentration while the
extracellular fluid is in motion & moves between compartments? - ANSWER
Ion & water concentration distributes differently between the compartments
True or false: There are large differences between intra- & extracellular ion
concentrations. If these concentrations are not maintained, cellular enzymatic
functions, metabolism, cell growth, cell reproduction, cell communication, &
neuron & muscle function is thrown off - ANSWER True
Which ions are predominately intracellular? (4)*** - ANSWER 1. Potassium
2. Magnesium
3. Proteins
4. Amino acids
Which ions are predominately extracellular? (4)*** - ANSWER 1. Sodium
,2. Chloride
3. Calcium
4. Glucose
What is the normal intracellular pH? Normal extracellular pH? - ANSWER
Intra - 7.0 (more acidotic)
Extra - 7.4
What is the maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal
environment?*** - ANSWER Homeostasis
-All organs & tissues perform functions that help maintain this
-The human body functions optimally within a tightly defined environment
-Deviation from that defined environment results in poor cellular function,
organ function, & body function
What are some examples of how organ systems work together to maintain
homeostasis? - ANSWER 1. Skin - temperature control & acts as a barrier to
harmful chemicals, bacteria, & viruses
2. Kidneys - maintain pH balance, ion concentration, fluid balance, drug
excretion & hormone release, BP regulator via RAAS
3. Lungs - maintain pH balance, bring O2 in, CO2 elimination, conversion site
for some hormones such as angiotensin II, protect the heart anatomically
4. GI - absorb nutrients, eliminate wastes
5. Liver - change composition of nutrients to a form the body can use,
, metabolizes toxins & excretes through bile, produces clotting factors
6. MSK - allows us to eat, escape from danger
7. Nervous system - sensory input, memory storage, autonomic nervous
system controls a lot of the internal organs subconsciously
8. Hormones - insulin regulation, thyroid hormone speeds up chemical
reactions
9. Immune - destroys foreign cells
10. Reproductive - generates new life
What 2 mechanisms control the body's environment? - ANSWER 1. Negative
feedback
2. Positive feedback
What is the effect of a negative feedback mechanism? - ANSWER The effect
is less of a factor or shutting down of a tracked factor; stops something
-Usually good
-See lecture examples
What is the effect of a positive feedback mechanism? - ANSWER The effect is
that more of the same factor is produced
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Smooth. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
78252 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now