N5315 - Advanced Pathophysiology - CAD,
Angina, and ACS (Lecture) Questions and
Correct Answers
Where do the coronary arteries branch off the aortic root?
✓ ~~~ Just distal to the aortic valve
What are the 2 main coronary arteries that branch off the aorta?
✓ ~~~ Left coronary artery and right coronary artery
When do both main coronary arteries fill?
✓ ~~~ During cardiac diastole
The left coronary artery branches off into which arteries?
✓ ~~~ Left anterior descending artery, left marginal artery, and left circumflex
artery
What does the left anterior descending artery do?
✓ ~~~ Supplies blood to the anterior 2/3 of the inter ventricular septum, anterior
papillary muscles, and the anterior surface of the left ventricle
What is the left marginal artery also known as?
✓ ~~~ Obtuse marginal artery
What does the left marginal artery do?
✓ ~~~ Supplies blood to the left ventricle, mostly the anterior side of the left
ventricle
What does the left circumflex artery do?
✓ ~~~ Supplies blood to the lateral and posterior walls of the left ventricle, and
the left atrium
The right coronary artery branches off into which arteries?
✓ ~~~ Right marginal artery and posterior descending artery
What does the right coronary artery do?
✓ ~~~ Supplies blood to the SA and AV nodes in the right atrium and both
ventricles.; however it supplies more blood to the right ventricle
What does the marginal artery do?
✓ ~~~ Supplies blood to the anterior and posterior portions of the right ventricle
What is the posterior descending artery also known as?
✓ ~~~ Interventricular artery
What does the posterior descending artery do?
, ✓ ~~~ Supplies blood to the posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum, the
posterior wall of both ventricles, and the posteromedial papillary muscles
Coronary arterial blood supply can be what?
✓ ~~~ Right dominant or left dominant
What percentage of persons are right dominant?
✓ ~~~ majority; 85%
A person is said to be right dominant if what?
✓ ~~~ If the posterior descending artery arises from the right coronary artery
A person is said to be left dominant if what and what percentage of the population
does this affect?
✓ ~~~ If the posterior descending artery arises from the left circumflex artery;
8%
A person is said to be codominant if what and what percentage of the population
does this affect?
✓ ~~~ If the posterior descending artery arises from both the right and left
coronary arteries; 7%
Where does coronary artery occlusion most commonly occur?
✓ ~~~ In the left anterior descending artery, followed by the right coronary
artery and left circumflex artery
What is the most posterior portion of the heart?
✓ ~~~ The left atria
What can left atria enlargement cause?
✓ ~~~ Dysphagia (by compression on the esophagus), or can lead to
hoarseness from compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve which is a
branch of the vagus nerve
What causes coronary artery disease?
✓ ~~~ Atherosclerosis which occurs in the coronary arteries
What are the risk factors of coronary artery disease?
✓ ~~~ Advanced age, male gender, post-menopausal women, family history,
dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity,
sedentary lifestyle, and a diet high in fat
An increased level of what is associated with increased risk of developing CAD?
✓ ~~~ LDL
LDL is a key player in the development of what?
✓ ~~~ Atherosclerosis
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