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BIO 460 - EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (100% PASS)
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BIO 460 - EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (100% PASS)
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©PREP4EXAMS2024/2025 REAL EXAMS DUMP Wednesday, August 7, 2024 9: 33 PMBIO 460 - EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (100% PASS)
nuclear genome - Answer✔️✔️-~3 billion bps, inherited from both parents
- 2 copies per cell (exception - male sex chromosomes)
- all cells except RBCs have nuclei
mitochondrial genome - Answer✔️✔️-~16500 bps, maternal inheritance only
- hundreds to thousands of copies per most cells
metaphase chromosomes - Answer✔️✔️-chromosomes form out of mass of nuclear
DNA only at metaphase of at cell division
- chromosomes align in the center to be pulled apart at anaphase
- condensed by histones
mitosis vs meiosis - Answer✔️✔️-- meiosis: cell division of germline cells; 2 diploid
cells produce 4 haploid cells in 2 separate cell divisions, includes recombination
- mitosis: cell division of somatic cells; 1 haploid cell generates 2 identical haploid
cells in one division
cytogenetics - Answer✔️✔️-the field of genetics that involves the microscopic
examination of chromosomes
- harvest live human cells
- treat with colchicine; binds to tubulin
- stain cells during metaphase
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, ©PREP4EXAMS2024/2025 REAL EXAMS DUMP Wednesday, August 7, 2024 9: 33 PM
does a cytogenetically normal child inherit different amounts of genetic material
from their parents? - Answer✔️✔️-yes, children inherit more from their mothers
- mtDNA adds 1000s more base pairs
- X chromosomes are larger and carry more information
location terminology for chromosomes - Answer✔️✔️-p = short arm
q = long arm
centromere = where sister chromatids are attached, spindle fibers bind here
human genome - Answer✔️✔️-~26,000 protein-coding genes in genome (out of ~3
billion), all containing one or more functions
- exons are ~1% of genome
- humans found to have less genes than predicted
gene exon/intron structure - Answer✔️✔️-- average gene size is ~27 kb, with
majority of genome being intergenic (~75 kb average space between)
- exons are in the coding region, genes are transcribed into mRNA
- introns are spliced out at GT and AG sites
- mRNA is translated into proteins
pseudogenes - Answer✔️✔️-former genes that have accumulated mutations and are
nonfunctional
- more than 2000 in human genome
- may be conserved in other organisms; inactive in humans
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