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Medical Terminology Notes

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This document gives examples and definitions of words in medical terminology. Most words are used in the medical field.

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  • August 16, 2024
  • 6
  • 2024/2025
  • Class notes
  • Barbara mosley
  • All classes
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annesiagraham
Stratum Epidermis: layers/upon/skin
Stratum corneum
• Top horny outer layer contains keratin-disjunction part of skin that is shed
Stratum lucidum
• Middle transparent layer below corneum and above granulosum
Stratum granulosum
• Inner or deepest part of epidermis with columnar cells that divide and replace the rest of the epidermis
Stratum spinosum
• Spiny cells above basal layer
Stratum basale
• Deepest with kerato/hyalin granules
Dermis: true skin
 The dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves (receptors), sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil)
glands.
Nail anycho; unguino-
 "Ung" means ointment. it comes from the Latin word unguentum.
 Splinter hemorrhages or blood blisters under the nails are usually the result of injury, but it could indicate
infectious endocarditis.
Dermato/plast/y skin/surgical repair/process of
 Dermatoplasty is the surgical repair of skin.
 Plastic surgeons, reconstructive surgeons, and cosmetic surgeons can perform procedures to enhance the
breasts, lips, eyelids, facial skin, etc.
Common Procedures
 Blepharoplasty (eyelift)
 Facioplasty (facelift)
 Rhinoplasty (nose job)
 Dermatoplasty
Derm/ab/ras/ion: skin/away/scrape/process
 Removal of scars with a revolving wire brush, sandpaper, or chemicals.
 Often used to reduce acne scars, tattoos, or wrinkles.
Skin Turgor: swelling Lt.
 A "test" for skin resilience by pinching, compression, or other distortions.
 If the skin returns to normal appearance at a specific speed, then the body has adequate fluid, or it is not
dehydrated.
 It is slower in older people.
Ab/rasion away/scrape: ab (away or from Lt.); radere (to scrape Lt.)
 To roughen or remove by friction.
 A common type of abrasion is chafing, a superficial inflammation that develops when skin is subjected to
friction from clothing or adjacent skin.
 Chafing may occur in the armpit, groin, anal region or between fingers.
 In dentistry, the wearing away of any hard tooth substance that is usually caused by improper brushing
techniques.
Laceration: to tear Lt.
 A tear of body tissues. It is often irregular and jagged.
 Occurs when the skin experiences pressure, stretching or a blow, causing tearing.
 Perineal laceration occurs during birth.
Lentigo: freckle
 Small brown or yellow-brown macule on the skin caused by exposure to the sun.
 One form is a noninvasive malignant melanotic freckle.
 It can grow on the surface of the skin and become large.
Contusion: contundere means to bruise Lt.
 Any injury caused by a blow, in which the skin is not disrupted or broken.
 Usually caused by blow to the body and is characterized by swelling, pain, and discoloration.
 Apply cold and a firm bandage to limit the swelling. After 48 hours apply heat and gentle massage.
Contracture: to contract Lt.
 Contracture is the contraction or shortening of muscle fibers which causes atrophy or shrinking of that
particular body tissue.
 This usually causes extreme scar tissue or kel/oid tissue formation over the body joint, causing joint fixation
and partial or total loss of joint flexion and extension.
 Dupuytren's contracture (thickening and shortening palm's tendons)
 Often caused by various types of burns. May lead to body paralysis or muscle spasms.
 Dermato/plasty and other grafting procedures usually are required to restore normal joint and body function.

, Burn: baernam in A/S means to burn
 A burn is a tissue reaction or injury resulting from heat, caustic substances, friction, or electricity.
 1st degree (B1)
 • Similar to sunburn
 2nd degree (B2)
 • Vesicant "blisters" caused by sunburn or caustics
 3rd degree (B3)
 • Destruction of skin with charring of underlying tissues; often caused by fires
 4th degree (B4) burn causes partial or complete destruction of the epidermis and the underlying tissues,
which includes the muscle, ligaments, tendons and bone.
 Burns may be caused by heat electricity, chemicals, radiation, or gases.
 Treatment varies based on severity of the burn. It may include analgesics, cool water immersion, antibiotics,
skin grafts, and amputation, in order of severity.
Primary Skin Lesions
Bulla
 Thin-walled, fluid-filled lesion
 Larger than 1 cm
 Ruptures easily
 Usually associated with noninfectious diseases
Tumor
 Firm mass or swelling
 May be malignant or benign
Macule
• A round, flat pigmented area
• Associated with measles and scarlet fever
• Noninfectious types are freckles, macules and petechia
Nodule
 A large, solid, raised, area of the Skin
 Larger than 1 cm
 Xanthomas and fibromas
Papule
 Round, solid and raised
 Less than 0.5 cm
 Moles
 Seen with rubella
Plaques
 Flat, solid lesion planes
 May be formed by a mass of papules
 2 or more cm in diameter
 Psoriasis and lichen planus
Pustule
 Round, raised, pus-filled lesion
 Acne produces skin pustules called comedones
Patch
 Distinguished from a macule through size
 Larger than 0.5
cm
 Vitiligo
Vesicle
 Clear, fluid-filled lesion
 Less than 0.5 cm
 Very closely-spaced
 Seen in contact dermatitis and herpes
Wheals
 AKA hives
 Raised, red, itchy areas with clearly defined edges that are transient
 Usually caused by allergic reactions
Secondary Skin Lesions
Fissure
 Linear crack that extends into the dermis

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