ADJ 107 EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (GRADED A)
Criminology - ANSWER - scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. Attempts to describe
the origins.
Criminal Justice - ANSWER - Study of the agencies of social control within society such as
police, courts, and corrections.
Criminal Statistics - ANSWER - Devising valid and reliable measures to calculate amount and
trends of criminal activity.
Theory - ANSWER - Set of interconnected statements or propositions that explain how two or
more events or factors are related to one another.
Descriptive Research - ANSWER - Incorporates the researchers' knowledge about an issue and
describes a problem or topic because no such descriptions have ever been provided.
Deviant Behavior - ANSWER - Refers to behavior which is not accepted by cultural norms. Ex:
joining a gang, using illegal drugs.
Dark Figure - ANSWER - The amount of crimes not reported to authorities, thus not included in
official statistical research.
Victimology - ANSWER - Many criminologists who solely study victims of crime
Ego - ANSWER - Created early in life when a child begins to realize he or she cannot always
obtain instant gratification
Superego - ANSWER - Incorporates personality and moral standards such as, values of
parents, community, and significant others
, Crisis Intervention - ANSWER - Emergency psychological care directed at assisting a victim
who is experiencing a crisis
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - ANSWER - Feelings of alienation or detachment from a
social environment. Common occurrence of victimization.
Phrenology - ANSWER - Study of human skulls and the impact of human behavior
Darwinism - ANSWER - Theory of biological evolution based on survival of the fittest or natural
selection
Eugenics - ANSWER - Crime was passed down from one generation to another through
genetics.
Recidivism - ANSWER - Repeatedly criminal behavior or actions
General Deterrence - ANSWER - Based on perception of future punishments, where specific
deterrence is based on the actual punishment
Specific Deterrence - ANSWER - States that after a criminal offender receives swift, certain, and
powerful sanction he or she will not repeat the criminal acts.
Classical School of Criminology - ANSWER - Inspired penal codes in America for more than 200
years
Displacement - ANSWER - Involves deflecting crime to another geographic location
Diffusion - ANSWER - Spread of benefits to areas near or next to the area targeted for some
crime prevention program or measure
Deindividuation - ANSWER - Social psychological concept based on the idea that a person
loses self-awareness or self-identity upon entering a group
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