BIO 446L - Exam 2 (Nervous System) Questions and Correct Answers
5 views 0 purchase
Course
BIO 446
Institution
BIO 446
Cerebral cortex: Function -Site of advanced intellectual functions interacting with other parts of the nervous system -Involved in memory storage and recall -Comprehension and language -Musical and math skills -Higher cognitive functions -perception and conscious understanding of sensations -proces...
BIO 446L - Exam 2 (Nervous System)
Questions and Correct Answers
Somatotopic organization ✅-Precentral gyrus = motor cell bodies
-Postcentral gyrus = sensory cell bodies
-Medial to lateral = toe to head
Cerebral cortex: Function ✅-Site of advanced intellectual functions interacting with
other parts of the nervous system
-Involved in memory storage and recall
-Comprehension and language
-Musical and math skills
-Higher cognitive functions
-perception and conscious understanding of sensations
-processing complex motor activities
Motor neuron injury: LMN ✅No innervation/signals to the muscles ans no reflexes
present
-Flaccid paralysis (flaccid muscles)
-Muscle atrophy
-Muscle twitching (uncontrolled)
-Hypoflexia
-No Babinski reflex
Motor (Pyramidal) System: Process ✅1. Stimulation of the primary motor cortex results
in UMNs motor impulses being sent to LMNs
2. UMN axons pass w/o interruption to the LMNs in the spinal cord on the *opposite*
side of the body
3. LMNs hten send their axons through spinal nerves directly to individual muscles
Upper motor neuron (UMN) ✅-fibers run in the descending tracts to reach the LMN
Dorsal (posterior) column tract ✅-Pathway for tactile discrimination and proprioception
-Located on same (ipsilateral) side as sensation
-Contains the axon of the primary neuron
4. NERVOUS SYSTEM ✅4. NERVOUS SYSTEM
Development of the Nervous System ✅forming of the neural groove that eventually
merges to form the neural tube and during this process, neural crest cells break off
, Neural groove ✅runs the length of the embryo and eventually merges to for the neural
tube
Neural tube ✅origin of the brain and spinal cord
Neural crest cells ✅-Form sensory neurons that give rise to spinal ganglia
-Centers of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS
Nervous system subdivisions ✅Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Central Nervous System (CNS) ✅brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) ✅cranial and spinal nerves
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 1 ✅The part of the PNS that controls the glands
and the muscles of the internal organs
-sympathetic
-parasympathetic
(-enteric)
Sympathetic nervous system ✅fight or flight part of the ANS
Parasympathetic nervous system ✅rest and digest part of the ANS
Enteric nervous system ✅the nervous system of the digestive tract part of the ANS
Afferent fibers ✅sensory fibers; carry signals from the PNS to the CNS
Efferent fibers ✅motor fibers; carry signals from the CNS to the PNS
Relay ✅Conveys impulses from one area of the NS to another
Reflex ✅Involuntary response to a stimulus
-consists of an afferent input and an efferent neuron
-can be more complex when interneurons are located b/t the afferent and efferent
neurons
-Involve cranial nerves
Reflexes: Functions ✅-Protection/Survival
-Some can be controlled (breathing rate)
-Some can be suppressed with age
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.