BIOL 446 Exam 1 Study Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 446
Institution
BIO 446
What is an adaptive trait? Distinct variant of a phenotype that enhances fitness and a distinct variant that arose historically as a result of natural selection for its current biological role
Differentiate genotype and phenotype Genotype: your complete genetic identity that can be inherited Pheno...
BIOL 446 Exam 1 Study Questions and
Correct Answers
What is an adaptive trait? ✅Distinct variant of a phenotype that enhances fitness and a
distinct variant that arose historically as a result of natural selection for its current
biological role
Differentiate genotype and phenotype ✅Genotype: your complete genetic identity that
can be inherited
Phenotype: detectable trait of the genotype
What is biological fitness? ✅Relative genetic contribution of an individual to the gene
pool of the next generation(s)
Define adaptation ✅A process of temporary phenotypic adjustment within individuals
What is a biological adaptation? ✅Distinct variant of a phenotype that arose historically
via natural selection to enhance fitness of an organism in its current environment
In biology, what is a spandrel? ✅A phenotypic characteristic that is a byproduct of the
evolution of some other characteristic rather than a direct product of adaptive selection
What is alcohol dehydrogenase? ✅Enzyme that facilitates the interconversion of
alcohols to aldehydes or ketones and detoxifies ethanol
Differentiate an allozyme and isozyme ✅Allozyme - Enzyme that is coded by different
alleles by the same gene locus
Isozyme - Enzyme that has the same function but is coded by different gene
What is genetic drift? ✅Random fluctuations in the frequency of gene variants (alleles)
in a population
What is lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD)? ✅Enzyme in the glycolysis pathway
that converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid and back
Define phylogeny ✅Evolutionary history of a species or group, especially in reference
to lines of descent from and relationships to a common ancestor
What is the/an exome? ✅Part of genomic DNA formed by (or consisting of) exons
What is a transcriptome? ✅All the messenger RNA molecules expressed from the
genes of an organism
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