BIO 446L - The Urinary System Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 446
Institution
BIO 446
Urinary system the kidney and its connection to the outside world through the ureter, bladder, and urethra
Urinary system functions -filters cellular waste from blood
-regulates composition and volume of extracellular fluids
-role in managing blood pressure
Role in acid/base balance
-includ...
BIO 446L - The Urinary System Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Urinary system ✅the kidney and its connection to the outside world through the ureter,
bladder, and urethra
Urinary system functions ✅-filters cellular waste from blood
-regulates composition and volume of extracellular fluids
-role in managing blood pressure
Role in acid/base balance
-includes paired kidneys and ureters and unpaired blafder and urethra
Location of the kidney ✅retroperitoneal, posterior abdomen, at the lower edge of the
ribcage; lower hald is not convered by ribs and therefore is more susceptible to trauma
Cortex of the kidneys ✅outer portion; made of blood vessels, renal corpuscles (1
million in each kidney)
Medulla of the kidneys ✅inner portion; have pyramids defined by the renal papilla and
renal columns that separate the pyramids
Pyramids ✅where the action of the kidneys occurs; located in the medulla; defined at
the end by the renal papilla
Renal papilla ✅an opening where urine leaves the kidney after draining into the minor
calyx
Major calyx ✅the combination of many minor calyces
Renal columns ✅separates the pyramids in the medulla; blood vessels run through
Renal lobe ✅one pyramid and the cortical tissue associated with it; each one drains
into the renal pelvis
Renal pelvis ✅divided into areas; what all the calyces drain intol how urine exists the
kidney through the ureter
Nephron ✅functional unit of the kidney; filters blood, reabsorbs, and secretes filtered
material; consists of a renal corpuscle and a tubule system which interact with
surrounding blood vessels
Two types of nephrons ✅cortical and juxtamedullary
, Cortical nephrons ✅the nephrons are primarily in the cortex; the tubular system
extends into the medulla; most nephrons
Juxtramedullary nephrons ✅nephrons are right near the border of the cortex and
medulla; tubular system runs all the way down to the bottom of the pyramid
Renal portal system ✅-renal artery
-up arteries of kidneys to tops of the pyramid
-afferent arterioles
-glomerulus
-efferent arteriole
-peritubular system or vasa recta
Renal artery ✅how the blood flows into the kidney and travels up arteries in kidneys
across the tops of the pyramid
Afferent arterioles ✅where blood enters to flow into the corpuscles
Glomerulus ✅a tuft of capillaries that filters blood; where blood enters through the
afferent arterioles
Efferent arteriole ✅how blood leaves the glomerulus to enter one of 2 venous systems,
where the second capillaries are location
Peritubular ✅a 2nd capillary system of the renal portal system; right around the
glomerulus; surrounds all the convoluted tubules near the corpuscle
Vasa recta ✅-a 2nd capillary system of the renal portal system
-the deep, descending loop of the nephron which goes deep into the medulla
-capillaries where sodium ions enter when leaving the nephron tubes
Renal corpuscle ✅includes the glomerulus and the bowman's capsule in the kidney
Bowman's capsule ✅a fibrous capsule; a double layer simple squamous epithelial cup
around the glomerulus
Capsular space ✅space around the capillaries where urine is collected; urine exits
here through the ductal system of the nephron
Podocytes ✅specialized cells in the visceral layer of the capsule; filter the blood of the
fenestrated capillaries to control what leaves the blood vessel as urine and what doesn't
Glomerular filtration ✅large particularly anionic proteins are restricted
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