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2024 NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RASMUSSEN COLLEGE FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RASMUSSEN COLLEGE FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NUR 2063PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RASMUSSEN
COLLEGE FINAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the complications of anemia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSrenal failure,
fatigue, dyspnea, hypoxima, pale, cold, low metabolic activity
How do we treat anemia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSfrom the causes! can give o2,
blood transfusion if needed
What is polycythemia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSabnormal excess of RBCs
leading to thicken blood that clots easily
What is polycythemia vera? - CORRECT-ANSWERSbone marrow cancer that
causes high RBC count
What is a secondary cause of polycythemia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSdue to low
o2 available, affects those at high altitudes
How do we treat polycythemia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSblood dilution where
blood is removed and replaced with saline
Explain primary prevention - CORRECT-ANSWERSPreventing"; altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people
Explain secondary prevention - CORRECT-ANSWERS"Screening"; early
detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease early
before it spreads
Explain tertiary prevention - CORRECT-ANSWERS"Treating" and preventing
further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has the
condition
What are examples of primary prevention? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSVaccinations and Handwashing
What is a thrombus? - CORRECT-ANSWERSblood clot that is stasis and has
platelets, fibrin and dead cells
,What is a pulmonary embolism? - CORRECT-ANSWERSblood clot in the lungs
What is an emboli? - CORRECT-ANSWERSIntravascular mass that travels and
occludes downstream vessels
What is a DVT? - CORRECT-ANSWERSBlood clot in an extremity (usually in
calf) in the vein
What is an arterial thrombus? - CORRECT-ANSWERSblockage of an artery
What is a venous thrombus? - CORRECT-ANSWERSblockage of vein
causes of anemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSreduced number of red blood cells
from the result of blood loss, bone marrow failure, renal failure, nutritional
deficiencies, and abnormal hemoglobin
hemorrhagic anemia - CORRECT-ANSWERScaused by blood loss
aplastic anemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSfailure of blood cell production in the
bone marrow
iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSfrom lack of iron in the diet,
resulting in insufficient hemoglobin
What is PICA? - CORRECT-ANSWERScraving for nonfood substances such a
dirt, clay, ice, Landry starch, cardboard or hair
Problem with PICA - CORRECT-ANSWERSoften indigestible, toxic and can
cause infection
perncious anemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSfrom lack of vitamin b12
sickle cell anemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSfrom a mutated hemoglobin
molecule that causes RBCs to be in a spiky or crescent shape. Cells are stiff,
rupture easily, do not carry enough o2 and can clog small vessels. crises are
painful
Thalessemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSblood disorder causing reduced
hemoglobin on the rbcs. Target shaped cells. S/S: fatigue, weakness,
paleness, slow growth.
What types of disorders are sickle cell and thalassemia? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSgenetic
,What are examples of secondary prevention? - CORRECT-ANSWERSPAP
smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
What are examples of tertiary prevention? - CORRECT-ANSWERSRehab for
hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to
prevent pressure ulcer
What happens to the body during the sympathetic phase of the flight or fight
response? - CORRECT-ANSWERSPupils dilate, salivation inhibited, increase in
HR, bronchodilation of airway, increased respirations, glucose release, inhibit
GI/GU.
What happens to the body during the parasympathetic phase of the flight or
light response? - CORRECT-ANSWERSRest and Digest. Pupils constrict,
salivation occurs, decreased HR, bronchoconstriction,decreased respiration,
GI/GU systems resume action
Explain the role of the nucleus - CORRECT-ANSWERScontrol center of the
cell, where DNA and genes are stored, produces mRNA to help build body
proteins
Explain the role of the mitochondria - CORRECT-ANSWERSPowerhouse of the
cell. Provides energy in ATP, and has its own set of DNA
Explain the role of the ribosome - CORRECT-ANSWERSproduces RNA to
produce proteins through transcriptions of DNA and translation of RNA into a
protein
Explain the role of the lysosomes - CORRECT-ANSWERShelps breakdown and
digest dead cells, organelles, or tissues
Explain the role of the rough ER - CORRECT-ANSWERSfolded membranes that
move proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes attached to it and helps
produce proteins for the cell membrane
Explain the role of the smooth ER - CORRECT-ANSWERShelps the Liver and
kidney cells to detoxify, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones, and
calcium storage
Explain the role of the peroxisome - CORRECT-ANSWERSmembrane cells that
contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful chemicals, breakdown
hydrogen peroxide and filter metabolic wastes
Explain the role of the Golgi body - CORRECT-ANSWERSstacked membranes
that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps move
things in and out of cell
, Explain passive immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe transfer of preformed
antibodies against specific antigens from a protected or immunized
individual to an unprotected or non immunized person. Provides immediate
and short term protection. No memory cells are produced. IgA and IgE.
Passes protection
What are examples of passive immunity? - CORRECT-ANSWERSmom to fetus
through placenta or mom to infant through breast milk. Serotherapy
Explain active immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERSa protective state owing to the
immune system response as a result of active infection or immunization. It
has to be activated in the body and the body has to fight it to have long term
immunity
What are examples of active immunity? - CORRECT-ANSWERSVaccinations
Explain what edema is - CORRECT-ANSWERSaccumulation of fluid in the
interstitial space. Leads to tissue swelling
What are some causes of edema? - CORRECT-ANSWERSincrease in the forces
that move fluid from capillaries to interstitial compartments or decrease in
the opposite.
What are factors that contribute to edema? - CORRECT-ANSWERSIncrease in
hydrostatic forces in the capillaries that increases the blood volume,
increased capillary permeability, CHF, HYPTN, decrease in plasma proteins
like albumin (causes liver to hold onto more water- ascites, cirrhosis),
blockage of lymph drainage
What is a hypersensitivity? - CORRECT-ANSWERSan overreaction to antigens
or allergens that is beyond the normal range, leading to damage
What is a type 1 hypersensitivity? - CORRECT-ANSWERSanaphylactic. Occurs
within 2-30mins of exposure. Can be systemic or localized. Binds to IgE and
mast cells that release histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins to create
inflammation
Mediating Factor for type 1 hypersensitivity - CORRECT-ANSWERSIgE
Examples of type 1 hypersensitivity - CORRECT-ANSWERSallergic reaction to
dust. someone eats peanuts and breaks out in hives and runny nose
How do we treat type 1 hypersensitivity reactions? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSantihistamines to block histamine, beta adrenergics to
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