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Child Development Questions And Answers With 100% Correct Answers Latest Update 2024/2025.
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Child Development Questions And Answers With 100% Correct Answers Latest Update 2024/2025.
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Child Development Questions And Answers With 100%Correct Answers Latest Update 2024/2025.
what are the two important processes underlying psychological development - ANSWER
maturation and learning
what is plasticity - ANSWER capacity for change in response to negative or positive life
experiences
what are the 6 infant states of consciousness in a typical day - ANSWER - regular sleep,
irregular sleep, drowsiness, alert inactivity, alert activity and crying
what do the basic learning processes of infants occur via - ANSWER - habituation
- observational learning
- operant conditioning
- classical conditioning
what is habituation - ANSWER - the process when we learn to stop attending to a stimulus
when it is repeated over and over again
what is observational learning - ANSWER learning to do things through watching others
what is operant conditioning - ANSWER learning is based on the relationship between ones
own behaviour and reward or punishment that follows as a result
what is classical conditioning - ANSWER two stimuli are linked together to produce a new
learned response
- so infant can become conditioned to the nipple so that sucking occrs as soon as the baby sees a nipple
what are the emotions from birth of an infant - ANSWER contentment, disgust, distress and
interest
what are the emotions from 2-7 months - ANSWER anger, fear, joy, sadness and surprise
what are the emotions from 12-24 months - ANSWER embarassment, envy, guilt, pride and
shame
how is temperament defined - ANSWER individual difference in emotional, motor and
attentional reactivity and self regulation
- seen as the emotional and behavioural building blocks of adult personality
what are the components of temperament - ANSWER - hereditary influences
- home environmental influences
- cultural influences
, what is the self concept - ANSWER a general term referring to how someone thinks about,
evaluates or percieves themselves
how do infants develop the self-concept - ANSWER proprioceptive feedback
- self-recognition
- self-differentiation
- growth of self esteem
what is proprioceptive feedback - ANSWER - refers to the bodys ability to percieve its own
position in space = where diff body parts are
- they develop proprioception in early infancy
when do infants have self recognition - ANSWER - in the frst 2-6 months
when do infants develop self differentiation - ANSWER - differentiation of age and sex in
infancy by 18-24 months
what is attachment - ANSWER an intense emotional relationship specific to two people that
endures over time in which prolonged separation from the partner is accompanied by stress and sorrow
what is the purpose of attachment - ANSWER provides psychological connection between
humans
what is a reciprocal relationship - ANSWER two way relationship between parents and children
- both become attached
who suggested that attachment develops in four stages - ANSWER schaffer and emerson
what are the four stages of the development of attachment by schaffer and emerson - ANSWER
- preattachment phase
-indiscriminate attachment
- discriminate attachment
- multiple attachment phase
what is the pre attachment phase of schaffer and emersons development of attachment - ANSWER
- lasts until 3 months of age
- infant has a preference for contact with human beings from 6 weeks
- manifests as nesting, gurgling and smiling
what is the indiscriminate attachment stage of the development of attachment - ANSWER -
lasts up to about 7 months
- child allows strangers to look after them without noticable distress provided the stranger gives
adequate care
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