ENGINEERING 111
breadboard - Answer- A board on which you can build electronic circuits. It's like a patch panel, with rows of holes that allow you to connect wires and components together. Versions that require soldering are available, as well as the solder-less type used here.
Arduino Uno -...
ENGINEERING 111
breadboard - Answer- A board on which you can build electronic circuits. It's like a
patch panel, with rows of holes that allow you to connect wires and components
together. Versions that require soldering are available, as well as the solder-less
type used here.
Arduino Uno - Answer- The microcontroller development board that will be at the
heart of your projects. It's a simple computer, but one that has no way for you to
interact with it yet. You will be building the circuits and interfaces for interaction, and
telling the microcontroller how to interface with other components.
capacitors - Answer- These components store and release electrical energy in a
circuit. When the circuit's voltage is higher than what is stored in the capacitor, it
allows current to flow in, giving the capacitor a charge. When the circuit's voltage is
lower, the stored charge is released. Often placed across power and ground close to
a sensor or motor to help smooth fluctuations in voltage.
battery snap - Answer- Used to connect a 9V battery to power leads that can be
easily plugged into a breadboard or your Arduino.
DC motor - Answer- Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy when
electricity is applied to its leads. Coils of wire inside the motor become magnetized
when current flows through them.
diode - Answer- Ensures electricity only flows in one direction. Useful when you have
a motor or other high current/voltage load in your circuit. Diodes are polarized,
meaning that the direction that they're placed in a circuit matters. Placed one way,
they allow current to pass through. Placed the other way, they block it. The anode
side generally connects to the point of higher energy in your circuit. The cathode
typically connects to the point of lower energy, or to ground. The cathode is usually
marked with a band on one side of the component's body.
jumper wires - Answer- Use these to connect components to each other on the
breadboard, and to the Arduino.
gels (red, blue, green) - Answer- These filter out different wavelengths of light. When
used in conjunction with photoresistors, they cause the sensor to only react to the
amount of light in the filtered color.
light emitting diodes (LEDs) - Answer- A type of diode that illuminates when
electricity passes through it. Like all diodes, electricity only flows in one direction
through these components. You're probably familiar with these as indicators on a
variety of electronic devices. The anode, which typically connects to power, is
usually the longer leg, and the cathode is the shorter leg.
, H-bridge - Answer- A circuit that allows you to control the polarity of the voltage
applied to a load, usually a motor. The H-bridge in the kit is an integrated circuit, but
it could also be constructed with a number of discrete components.
liquid crystal display (LCD) - Answer- A type of alphanumeric or graphic display
based on liquid crystals. LCDs are available in a many sizes, shapes, and styles.
Yours has 2 rows with 16 characters each.
male header pins - Answer- These pins fit into female sockets, like those on a
breadboard. They help make connecting things much easier.
Potentiometer - Answer- A variable resistor with three pins. Two of the pins are
connected to the ends of a fixed resistor. The middle pin, or wiper, moves across the
resistor, dividing it into two halves. When the external sides of the potentiometer are
connected to voltage and ground, the middle leg will give the difference in voltage as
you turn the knob. Often referred to as a pot
Optocoupler - Answer- This allows you to connect two circuits that do not share a
common power supply. Internally there is a small LED that, when illuminated, causes
a photoreceptor inside to close an internal switch. When you apply voltage to the +
pin, the LED lights and the internal switch closes. The two outputs replace a switch
in the second circuit.
push buttons - Answer- Momentary switches that close a circuit when pressed. They
snap into breadboards easily. These are good for detecting on/ off signals.
piezo - Answer- An electrical component that can be used to detect vibrations and
create noises.
photoresistor - Answer- (also called a photocell, or lightdependent resistor). A
variable resistor that changes its resistance based on the amount of light that falls on
its face.
resistors - Answer- Resist the flow of electrical energy in a circuit, changing the
voltage and current as a result. Resistor values are measured in ohms (represented
by the Greek omega character: Ω). The colored stripes on the sides of resistors
indicate their value (see resistor color code table).
servo motor - Answer- A type of geared motor that can only rotate 180 degrees. It is
controlled by sending electrical pulses from your Arduino. These pulses tell the
motor what position it should move to.
temperature sensor - Answer- Changes its voltage output depending on the
temperature of the component. The outside legs connect to power and ground. The
voltage on the center pin changes as it gets warmer or cooler.
USB cable - Answer- This allows you to connect your Arduino Uno to your personal
computer for programming. It also provides power to the Arduino for most of the
projects in the kit.
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