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Nursing 615 Pharm Exam 1 Solved 100%
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Nursing 615 Pharm Exam 1 Solved 100%
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Nursing 615 Pharm Exam 1 Solved 100%According to the WHO what is the first step in the prescribing process? - ANS-The first
step is to define the patient's problem
Acids give ___ to bases - ANS-Hydrogen
Activation of Alpha 2 receptors results in - ANS-Decreases of HR and BP
adrenergic agonsists are made of 2 groups called... - ANS-catacholemine, non
catacholemine
adverse drug reactions associated with use of beta-blockers include (22) - ANS-nausea,
diarrhea, bronchospasm, dyspnea, cold extremities, exacerbation of Raynaud's,
syndrome, bradycardia, hypotension, heart failure, heart block, fatigue, dizziness,
alopecia, abnormal vision, hallucinations, insomnia, nightmares, sexual dysfunction,
erectile dysfunction, and or alteration of glucose and lipid metabolism
Adverse effects associated with beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonists' activity will
include - ANS-bronchospasm, peripheral vasoconstriction, alteration of glucose and lipid
metabolism, specifically hyperlipidemia, impaired insulin release. These are less
common with the beta 1 selective or cardio selective agents but receptor selectivity
diminishes at higher doses.
All cholinergic blockers are used to treat - ANS-spastic or hyperactive conditions of the
GI and urinary tracts because they relax muscles and decrease GI secretions. These
drugs may be used to relax the bladder and to treat urinary incontinence. The
quaternary ammonium and amine compounds such as propantheline are the drugs of
choice for these conditions because they cause fewer adverse reactions than
belladonna alkaloids. •
Alpha 1 leads to inhibition of renin release which effects BP by - ANS-Renin is excreted
by the kidneys and helps to lower BP
Alpha 1 leads to... - ANS-vasoconstriction, dialation of pupil, contraction, urinary
retention, glycogenolysis, inhibition or renin release
ALpha 1 receptors are located mainly on... - ANS-Vascular smooth muscle (blood
vessels, arteries, veins, urinary sphincters,)
Alpha 2 receptors affect the pancreas by - ANS-inhibiting insulin production
Alpha 2 recpetors are generally considered to work with the..... - ANS-GI system
, Alpha blockers end in "zosin" are mostly used for - ANS-BPH and sometimes HTN.
Adverse effects of orthostatic hypotension. They block the effects of catecholamines at
the alpha 1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle and also smooth muscle of the bladder
neck and prostate
An example of type 2 hypersensitivity is the - ANS-ABO blood incompatibility where the
red blood cells have different antigens causing them to be recognized different. B-cell
proliferation will take place in antibodies until foreign blood types are produced. IgG and
IgM antibodies bind to these antigens to form complexes that activate the classical
pathway of the complement activation to eliminate cells presenting foreign antigens. that
is mediators of acute inflammation are generated at the site and the membrane attack
of complexes cause cell lysis and death. This reaction takes between hours to a day.
Another place to find Beta 1 receptors is on the X, which releases X - ANS-Kidney,
renin; which increases BP
Anticholinergic Drugs - ANS-The anticholinergics and antispasmodics are a group of
medicines that include the natural belladonna alkaloids (atropine, belladonna,
hyoscyamine, and scopolamine) and related products.
Anticholinergic drugs are used to treat a variety of conditions, such as - ANS-GI
disorders like gastritis, diarrhea, pylorospasm, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, nausea
and vomiting; genitourinary disorders cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis; respiratory disorders
like asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, sinus bradycardia due to hypersensitive vagus
nerve, insomnia although usually only for a short term basis, dizziness including vertigo,
motion sickness related symptoms.
Anticholinergics are divided into three categories in accordance with their specific target
in the central and - ANS-or peripheral nervous system, this includes/ antimuscarinic
agents, ganglionic blockers, and neuromuscular blockers.
Anticholinergics produce muscarinic blockade against acetylcholine. Muscarinic
receptors are all over the body. The goal of administration is to compete with - ANS-
acetylcholine at those receptor sites to keep acetylcholine from acting on them (gets in
the way). Side effects: can't pee, can't see, can't spit, can't shit
Anticholinergics side effects: - ANS-decrease saliva production and most produce some
level of sedation, both being advantageous for surgery procedures. For many of these
effects cholinergic analogues produce the opposite effect so it would be helpful for you
to go through and note make another chart with the cholinergic receptors and what
happens when you block them and you simulate them and all the different organ
systems.
As a drug travels through the body, it comes in contact with? - ANS-proteins such as the
plasma protein albumin. The drug can remain free or bind to the protein. The portion of
a drug that's bound to a protein is inactive and can't exert a therapeutic effect. Only the
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