Child Development Final (Exam #1) Ch. 1-5 Questions
And Answers With 100% Correct Answers Latest Update
2024/2025.
-discovery of germs
-development of vaccines
-child welfare laws were designed to protect children from long workdays
-new science of psychology suggested that people could better understand themselves by learning
what had influenced them as children - ANSWER higher infant survival rates due to
physical developmet - ANSWER growth of body & brain biological & physiological patterns of
change in sensory capacities, motor skills, & health (interrelated)
cognitive development - ANSWER pattern of change in mental abilities learning, attention,
memory, language , thinking, reasoning, & creativity (interrelated)
psychosocial development - ANSWER pattern of change in emotions, personality, & social
relationships (interrelated)
adolescence, adolescence - ANSWER ______was 1st considered a period of development
when G Stanley Hall published his book, _____ (1904)
research institutions - ANSWER established of___(e.g yale child study center) marked
emergence of child psychology as a true science
longitudinal - ANSWER ____studies provided research based info about normative
developments at different ages (e.g, Gesell's (1929) studies on stages in motor development; fels
research institute study, berkely growth & guidance studies, oakland adolescent growth study)
womb to tomb - ANSWER what age divisions do developmental researchers study?
development considered to be from____comprises the entire human life span
prenatal period (conception to birth)-5 major divisons of life span - ANSWER conception
occurs by normal fertilization or other means. the genetic endowment interacts with environmental
influences from the start. basic body structures & organs form; brain growth spurt begins. physical
growth is the most rapid in the life span. vulnerability to environmental influences is great. abilities to
learn & remember & to respond to sensory stimuli are developing. fetus responds to mother's voice &
develops a preference for it
infancy & toddlerhood (birth to age 3)- 5 major divisions of life span - ANSWER all senses &
body systems operate at birth to varying degrees. the brain grows in complexity & is highly sensitive to
environmental influence. physical growth & development of motor skills are rapid. abilities to learn &
remember are present, even in early weeks. use of symbols & ability to solve problems develop by end
of 2nd yr. comprehension & use of language develop rapidly. attachments to parents & others form.
, self- awareness develops. shift from dependence to autonomy occurs. interest in other children
increases.
early childhood (ages 3 to 6)-5 major divisions of life span - ANSWER growth is steady;
appearance becomes more slender & proportions more adultlike. appetite diminishes, & sleep
problems are common. handedness appears; fine & gross motor skills & strength improve. thinking is
somewhat egocentric, but understanding of other people's perspectives grows. cognitive immaturity
results in some illogical ideas about the world. memory and language improve. intelligence becomes
more predictable. preschool experience is common, & kindergarten experience is more so. self-
concept & understanding of emotions become more complex; self-esteem is global. independence,
initiative, & self-control increase. gender identity develops. play becomes more imaginative, more
elaborate, & usually more social. altruism, aggression, & fearfulness are common. family is still the
focus of social life, but other children become more important.
middle childhood (ages 6 to 11)-5 major divisions of life span - ANSWER growth slows.
strength & athletic skills improve. respiratory illnesses are common, but health is generally better than
at any other time in life span. egocentrism diminishes. children begin to think logically but concretely.
memory & lang skills increase. cognitive gains permit children to benefit from formal schooling. some
children show special educational needs and strengths.
adolescence (ages 11 to about 20)-5 major divisions of life span - ANSWER physical growth &
other changes are rapid & profound. reproductive maturity occurs. major health risks arise from
behavioral issues, such as eating disorders & drug abuse.
maturation - ANSWER unfolding of a universal, natural sequence of physical changes &
behavior changes. most clearly seen in early years & occurs along with influences of hereditary &
environment
normative influences(event strongly tied to age) - ANSWER characteristic of an event that
occurs in a similar way for most people in a group (ex: puberty, walking, talking, menopause)
age-graded - ANSWER highly similar for people in a particular age group
history-graded - ANSWER significant events that shape the behavior & attitudes of a
historical generation
historical generation - ANSWER group of people strongly influenced by a major historical
event during their formative period (vs. cohort: group of people born at about the same time).
nonnormative influences - ANSWER unusual event that happens to a particular person.
typical event that happens at an unusual time of life or atypical events. largely beyond a person's
control. (ex: winning the lottery, child abuse, losing a parent, car accident, fierd)
critical period - ANSWER specific time when a given event or its absence has a profound &
specific impact on development. (ex: if an event does not occur during a critical period, result is
irreversible abnormal patterns of development. ( genie)
reactive development (issues of child development) - ANSWER children grasp experiences &
this input molds them over (a sponge)
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