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NSCA CSCS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION | 100% VERIFIED CORRECT
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NSCA CSCS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION | 100% VERIFIED CORRECT
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NSCA CSCS EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION | 100% VERIFIED CORRECT
Epimysium - A layer of connective that sheaths (covers) the entire muscle, continuous
with the tendons at the end of the muscle.
Tendon - Attached to the bone periosteum; any contraction of the muscle pulls on the
tendon and, in turn, the bone. The epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium run
continuous to the tendon, so tension in a muscle is transmitted to the tendon.
Bone periosteum - Special connective tissue covering all bones (outer surface.)
proximal - Limb muscle attachment closer to the trunk.
Distal - Limb muscle attachment further away from the trunk.
Superior - Limb Muscle closer to the head.
Inferior - Limb muscle closer to the feet.
Origin - Origin of a muscle is defined at its proximal (toward the center of the body)
attachment.
Insertion - Distal (away from the center) attachment.
Muscle Fibers - Muscle cells; long (sometimes running the length of the muscle,)
cylindrical cells. These fibers have many nuclei situated on the periphery of the cell and
have a striated appearance under low magnification.
Fasciculi - Group of fibers below the epimysium that consist of up to 150 of them.
Perimysium - Connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles (fasciculi.)
Endomysium - Connective tissue that surrounds the muscle fibers, and is continuous
with the fibers membrane, or sarcolemma.
Sarcolemma - Membrane of the fiber.
Motor neuron - Nerve cell. Motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates are called
a motor unit (typically several hundred.)
, Neuromuscular junction - Junction between a motor neuron and the muscle it
innervates (also called the motor end plate.) Each muscle cell has only one
neuromuscular junction, although a single motor neuron innervates many muscle fibers,
sometimes as many as several hundred.
Sarcoplasm - The cytoplasm of muscle fiber; contains contractile components, which
consist of protein filaments, other proteins, stored glycogen and fat particles, enzymes,
and specialized organelles such as mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Myofibrils - Hundred of myofibrils dominate the sarcoplasm. They contain the
apparatus that contracts the muscle cell, which consists of myofilament.
Myofilament - Two types: actin and myosin.
Myosin - Myosin filaments (thick) contain up to 200 myosin molecules. Cross bridges
protrude away from the myosin filament at regular intervals.
Cross-bridges - Globular heads that protrude away from the myosin filament at
regular intervals.
Actin - Actin filaments (thin) consists of two strands in a double helix.
Sarcomere - The smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle. Myosin and actin
filaments are organized longitudinally within the sarcomere. Repeated the entire length
of the muscle fiber.
A-band - (Dark) Corresponds with the alignment of the myosin filaments.
I-band - (Light) Corresponds with the areas in two adjacent sarcomeres that contain
only actin filaments. During muscle contraction, it decreases as the z-lines are pulled
toward the center of the sarcomere.
Z-line - In the middle of the I-band and appears as a thin, dark line running
longitudinally through the I-band. During muscle contraction, the I-bands decrease and
the z-line is pulled toward the center of the sarcomere.
H-zone - The area in the center of the sarcomere where only myosin filaments are
present. During muscle contraction, it decreases as the actin slides over the myosin
toward the center of the sarcomere.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum - Parallel to and surrounding each myofibril; it is a system of
tubules that terminates as vesicles in the vicinity of the z-lines. Calcium ions are stored
in the vesicles. The regulation of calcium controls muscular contraction.
T-tubules - Also called transverse tubules. Run perpendicular to the sarcoplasmic
reticulum and terminate in the vicinity of the z-line between two vesicles.
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