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Rhcsa exam questions and answers (graded a)
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Rhcsa exam questions and answers
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Rhcsa exam questions and answersIn which language is Linux written? What does the language have to do with the
success of Linux? - Answer -More than 95 percent of the Linux operating system is
written in the C programming language, and C is portable because it is written in a
higher-level, machine-independent language. (The C compiler is written in C.)Because
Linux is portable, it can be adapted (ported) to different machines and can meet special
requirements.
What is a shell? How does it work with the kernel? With the user? - Answer -In a textual
environment, the shell—the command interpreter—acts as an interface between you
and the operating system. When you enter a command on the screen, the shell
interprets the command and calls the program you want.
Where on the disk should you put your /boot partition or the root (/) partition if you do
not use a /boot partition? - Answer -Put /boot at the beginning of the drive (partition 1)
so that there is no issue
of Linux having to boot from a partition too far into the drive.
When might you specify an ext2 filesystem instead of ext4? - Answer -Use ext2 for
partitions whose data does not change often, such as /boot. The added overhead of the
ext3 journal offers no benefit on these filesystems.
Why would you place /var at the beginning of the disk? - Answer -The /var filesystem
contains files that are modified frequently. The beginning of the disk is near the outer
edge and data can usually be accessed faster from this location.
How can you keep other users from using write to communicate with you? Why would
you want to? - Answer -Give the command mesg n to keep ordinary users from writing
to your termi- nal. You can take this action when you do not want to be disturbed or
when you are viewing something on your screen that you do not want overwritten.
What happens when you use diff to compare two binary files that are not identical? (You
can use gzip to create the binary files.) Explain why the diff output for binary files is
different from the diff output for ASCII files. - Answer -Give the command mesg n to
keep ordinary users from writing to your terminal. You can take this action when you do
not want to be disturbed or when you are viewing something on your screen that you do
not want overwritten.
, What is an inode? What happens to the inode when you move a file within a filesystem?
- Answer -An inode is the control structure for a file. If the two filenames have the same
inode number, they share the same control structure and are links to the same file.
Assume permissions on a file allow you to write to the file but not to delete it.
a. Give a command to empty the file without invoking an editor.
b. Explain how you might have permission to modify a file that you cannot delete. -
Answer -Although it protects you from overwriting a file using redirection, noclobber
does not stop you from overwriting a file using cp or mv. These utilities include the -i
(interactive) option that helps protect you from this type of mistake by verifying your
intentions when you try to overwrite a file.
Why does the noclobber variable not protect you from overwriting an existing file with cp
or mv? - Answer -The noclobber variable keeps the shell from overwriting a file and
does not work on utilities. Thus it keeps a redirect symbol (>) from allowing the shell to
overwrite a file (the shell redirects output) but has no effect when you ask cp or mv to
overwrite a file.
Discuss the client/server environment set up by the X Window System. How does the X
server work? List three X clients. Where is the client and where is the server when you
log in on a local system? What is an advantage of this setup? - Answer -When you start
an X Window System session, you set up a client/server environ- ment. One process,
called the X server, displays a desktop and windows under X. Each application program
and utility that makes a request of the X server is a client of that server. Examples of X
clients include xterm, Compiz, gnome-calculator, and such general applications as word
processing and spreadsheet programs. A typical request from a client is to display an
image or open a window.Separating the physical control of the display (the server) from
the processes needing access to the display (the client) makes it possible to run the
server on one computer and the client on another computer.
When a user logs in, you would like the system to first check the local /etc/passwd file
for a username and then check NIS. How do you implement this strategy? - Answer -
The /etc/nsswitch.conf file controls the order in which sources are consulted to fulfill a
request from the system. The following entry in this file causes the system to check
/etc/passwd first and NIS second:
passwd: files nis
Some older kernels contain a vulnerability that allows a local user to gain root privileges.
Explain how this kind of vulnerability negates the value of a chroot jail. - Answer -On
Unix-like operating systems, such as Linux, a chroot jail is the common expression used
to describe a section of a filesystem that is sectioned off for a particular user. On a web
server, it is particularly useful for the security of shared hosting accounts.
Without a chroot jail, a user with limited file permissions would still be able to navigate to
top-level directories.
Give the command
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