ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUIZ Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
Advanced Pathophysiology
Institution
Advanced Pathophysiology
Emphysema Pathophysiology
~~~ Emphysema is a pathologic diagnosis defined by permanent
enlargement of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles. This leads to a
dramatic decline in the alveolar surface area available for gas exchange.
Furthermore, loss of alveoli leads to airflow limitat...
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUIZ
Questions and Correct Answers
In the physical examination of an individual, factors that would evidence
atherosclerotic plaque
✓ ~~~ Arterial bruit and evidence of decreased blood flow to tissues
What electrocardiogram (ECG) change would the healthcare professional assess for
when a patient's myocardial infarction extends through the myocardium from the
endocardium to the epicardium?
✓ ~~~
Pathophysiology of Angina
✓ ~~~ Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia. Stable
angina is caused by gradual luminal narrowing and hardening of the arterial
walls, so that affected vessels cannot dilate in response to increased
myocardial demand associated with physical exertion or emotional stress.
With rest, blood flow is restored and no necrosis of myocardial cells results.
What medical term is used for a condition that results from pulmonary hypertension,
creating chronic pressure overload in the right ventricle?
✓ ~~~ Cor pulmonale
What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis?
✓ ~~~ Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
Amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, or glycogen storage disease usually causes which
form of cardiomyopathy?
✓ ~~~ Restrictive
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular
resistance. Which form of heart failure may result from pulmonary disease and
elevated pulmonary vascular resistance?
✓ ~~~ Right heart failure
In systolic heart failure, what effect does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS) have on stroke volume?
✓ ~~~ Increases preload and increases afterload
Causes of CHF
✓ ~~~ Coronary artery disease.
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Longstanding alcohol abuse.
, Disorders of the disorders of the heart valves.
Unknown (idiopathic) causes, such as after recovery from myocarditis
Which event triggers congenital heart defects that cause acyanotic congestive heart
failure?
✓ ~~~ Left-to-right shunts
American College of Cardiology (ACC)/ American Heart Association (AHA)
guidelines classification of heart failure
✓ ~~~ Stage A: A person has a high risk of heart failure but currently has no
identifiable disorders.
Stage B: A person has a structural heart disorder but is not presenting symptoms.
Stage C: A person has current or prior symptoms of heart failure associated with an
underlying condition.
Stage D: A person currently has advanced structural heart disease, shows clear
symptoms, and requires specialized medical intervention.
Causes of Acute congestive heart failure
✓ ~~~ Infections, allergic reactions, a blood clot in your lungs, viruses that
damage the heart
cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, severely irregular heartbeats, heart attack
Causes of chronic failure
✓ ~~~ Coronary artery disease and heart attack
High blood pressure (hypertension).
Faulty heart valves.
Damage to the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy)
Myocarditis
congenital heart defects
heart arrhythmias
Chronic diseases
Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic
volume (preload) result in?
✓ ~~~ Increase in force of contraction
Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder?
✓ ~~~ Alzheimer disease
. types of dementia is caused by an infectious agent
✓ ~~~ Creutzfeldt-Jaksob disease (CJD), Postencephalitic dementia &
Dementia associated with HIV
A patient suffers transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). TIAs are characterized by
✓ ~~~ Blood supply to the brain is blocked for a brief period of time, called a
"ministroke". Symptoms of a TIA are like other stroke symptoms, but do not
last long. For example, numbness/weakness, confusion, trouble speaking,
difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
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