WGU C182 INTRODUCTION TO IT OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
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WGU C182 Introduction to IT
Parts of the CPU
Control Unit (CU) - retrieves the instructions and the raw data that is input and coordinates or
controls the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - does the actual processing of the data; completing mathematical
calculations and logical operations to process the data and converting the input of the keyboard
text entry to output displayed on the screen
System Clock
Controls the speed at which instructions are processed.
RAM
Stands for Random Access Memory.
It temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen or printer.
It is volatile (means data or information stored disappears when the computer is turned off or
loses power).
You can choose the amount of RAM your computer has.
Types of RAM
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) - typically called main memory
Static RAM (SRAM) - cache memory and registers
BIOS ROM
BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System; ROM stands for Read Only Memory.
Typically stored in ROM chip on the motherboard.
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Is software not hardware, ("basic" operating system that runs when the computer is first turned
on).
Runs tests of memory and the CPU and initializes hardware components so that the actual
Operating System can be loaded from the hard disk.
Can't choose the amount or contents.
1st Generation of Computers
Vacuum tubes, relay switches, the need to program in machine language
2nd Generation of Computers
Transistor components, magnetic core memory, smaller size, easier to program, disk drives and
drums, called mainframe computers
3rd Generation of Computers
Silicon chips (known as ICs - integrated circuits), reduced cost, called mini computers, networks
introduced via dumb terminals
4th Generation of Computers
Single chip processor, called microcomputer, first personal computer, rudimentary computer
graphics, home use
Information Technology
Technology used in creating, maintaining, and making information accessible.
System Administrator
Maintains all aspects of the system including hardware, software, and programming.
Network Administrator
In charge of all aspects of the computer network
Database Administrator
Focuses on the design, development, and support of database management systems (DBMSs).
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Security Administrator
Install and configure firewall security to protect systems and proactively work to stop
intrusions.
Web Administrator
Installs, configures, maintains, secures, and troubleshoots web severs.
Support IT Professionals
Help desk and training.
Information
A collection of processed data from a variety of sources.
DIKW Hierarchy
Defines the transition of data to information to knowledge to wisdom. (Data Information
Knowledge Wisdom)
Data in DIKW
The input directly received by the user (or computer). It is generally not usable until it has been
converted into a relevant form.
Information in DIKW
Having been inferred from data; one or more processes have been applied to the data to
transform it into a more useful form.
Knowledge in DIKW
Information that has been put to use; information placed into a context. Refined information
such that the user of the knowledge is able to call forth only relevant portions of information
when needed.
Wisdom in DIKW
Provides a social setting to knowledge; an understanding of the "why". Can only come by
having both knowledge and experience.
Information Systems
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A collection of data and information used to support the management of an organization. Also
refers to the technical components and human resources that enable the assembly, storage,
and processing of data and the delivery of information. This has existed for a lot longer than
computers.
Characteristics of Quality Data
Relevance - the data being used must apply directly to the decision being made
Timely - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely manner
Thorough - the data must be complete
Accurate - data should be captured only once, where possible and should be captured as close
to the point of activity as possible.
Reliable - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection processes across collections
points and over time
IPOS
The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle
Input
Raw data is entered by the user.
Processing
Raw data is organized or structured for usefulness.
Output
Information is output so user can see results.
Storage
Processed information is stored for permanent record.
Computer System
A collection of components that work together to meet the needs of the user; typically
categorized as either hardware, software, networks, or users.
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