Exam (elaborations)
NSG 535 Exam 1 questions with correct answers
- Course
- Institution
NSG 535 Exam 1 questions with correct answers
[Show more]
Content preview
NSG 535 Exam 1 questions with correctanswers
Common Liver Function Tests - ANSWER: ➡ -Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
o o o o o oo o o o
-Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)o o
-Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
o o
-bilirubin
-albumin
-prothrombin time o
-gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) o
-5'nucleotidase
Liver functions - ANSWER: ➡ -destruction of RBCs & formation of bile pigments
o o o oo o o o o o o o o
-protein metabolism
o
-synthesis of plasma proteins, fibrinogens & prothrombin
o o o o o o
-enzyme synthesis o
-conversion of ammonia to urea o o o o
-carbohydrate & fat metabolism o o o
-excretion of drugs, hormoneso o o
-detoxifies
application of liver function tests - ANSWER: ➡ -detect presence of liver disease
o o o o o o oo o o o o o
-distinguish among different types of liver disorders
o o o o o o
-gauges the extent of known liver damage
o o o o o o
-follow response to txt
o o o
,LFT categories/what do they indicate? - ANSWER: ➡ -tests that measure detoxification &
o o o o o o oo o o o o o
excretory functions
o o
-tests for enzymes that reflect damage to hepatocytes
o o o o o o o
-tests for enzymes that reflect cholestasis (flow of bile reduced/blocked)
o o o o o o o o o
-tests that measure synthetic function
o o o o
Tests for enzymes that reflect damage to hepatocytes - ANSWER: ➡ -aminotransferases (AST
o o o o o o o o o oo o o
& ALT)
o o
-AST: enzyme present in liver, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain, pancreases,
o o o o o o o o o o o
lungs, leukocytes, & RBCs
o o o o
-ALT: primary present in the Liver; enzyme
o o o o o o
--more specific indicator of liver cell damage
o o o o o o
--non specific/any type of liver disorder
o o o o o
ALT & AST levels - ANSWER: ➡ -levels >1000 --> extensive hepatocellular injury (viral
o o o o o oo o o o o o o o
hepatitis, ischemic liver disease, drug or toxin induced)
o o o o o o o o
>ACUTE hepatocellular damage: ALT > AST o o o o o
>Alcoholic liver disease: AST:ALT >2:1 (suggestive); >3:1 (highly suggestive)
o o o o o o o o
Tests for enzymes that reflect cholestasis - ANSWER: ➡ >ALP
o o o o o o o oo o
- <3 fold increase: not specific for cholestasis
o o o o o o o
--seen in almost any type of liver disease
o o o o o o o
->4 fold increase: cholestatic liver disorder, infiltrative liver disease (cancer), bone conditions
o o o o o o o o o o o
w/ rapid bone turnover (Pagets disease)
o o o o o o
-ALP is NOT useful to distinguish b/w intra & extra hepatic obstruction
o o o o o o o o o o o
-reflective of liver damage & cholestasis o o o o o
Tests that measure detoxification & excretory functions - ANSWER: ➡ >Bilirubin
o o o o o o o o oo o
,>Van den Bergh assay: determination of total, conjugated (direct) & unconjugated (indirect)
o o o o o o o o o o o
bilirubin
o o
-normal value of total <1-1.5 o o o o
-helps identify if liver is functioning the way it should
o o o o o o o o o
Tests that measure synthetic function - ANSWER: ➡ >Serum albumin
o o o o o o oo o o o
-synthesized exclusively by hepatocytes o o o
-NOT a good indicator of acute/mild hepatic dysfunction
o o o o o o o
-minimum change in viral hepatitis/drug induced hepatitis/obs jaundice
o o o o o o o o
-other causes of decrease: protein malnutrition, protein losing enteropathies, nephrotic
o o o o o o o o o
syndrome, chronic infection
o o o o
>Coagulation factors: o
-except for factor VIII, blood clotting factors are exclusively synthesized in hepatocytes
o o o o o o o o o o o
-rapid turnover; clotting factors are single best acute measure of hepatic synthetic function**
o o o o o o o o o o o o o
-PT (collective measures II/V/VII/X
o o o
---may be elevated in hepatitis, cirrhosis & disorders that result in Vit K deficiency (obs.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
jaundice)
o
Tests for enzymes that reflect cholestasis - ANSWER: ➡ >ALP
o o o o o o o oo o
>5'NT
>GGT
Common reasons for abnormal LFTs - ANSWER: ➡ >ALT: hepatocellular damage
o o o o o o oo o o o
>AST: hepatocellular damage
o o
>Bilirubin: cholestasis, impair conjugation or biliary obstruction
o o o o o o o
>ALP: cholestasis, infiltrative disease, biliary obstruction
o o o o o
>PT: synthetic function
o o o
>Albumin: synthetic function o o o
, >GGT: cholestasis or biliary obstruction
o o o o
>5' nucleotidase: cholestasis of biliary obstruction
o o o o o
Amylase - ANSWER: ➡ -digestive enzyme
o o oo o o
-aids in hydrolysis of starch into sugars
o o o o o o
-main sources are the pancreas and salivary glands
o o o o o o o
Lipase - ANSWER: ➡ -digestive enzyme
o o oo o o
-main function of pancreatic lipase is to hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol & free fatty acids
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
Pancreatitis - ANSWER: ➡ -acute 3x elevation of amylase &/or lipase
o o oo o o o o o o o
-typically extrapancreatic cause of amylase/lipase elevations are not associated with a >3fold
o o o o o o o o o o o
elevation
o o
-amylase & lipase drawn together o o o o
-often ordered when pt has abdominal pain
o o o o o o
Pancreatitis: Amylase - ANSWER: ➡ -serum amylase rises within 6-12 hrs
o o o oo o o o o o o
-returns to normal 3-5 days o o o o
-3x elevation more specific (85-98%) & sensitive (67-83%) for acute pancreatitis
o o o o o o o o o o
Pancreatitis: Lipase - ANSWER: ➡ -rises within 4-8hrs o o o oo o o o
-peaks at 24 hr o o o
-returns to normal 8-14 days o o o o
-3x elevation sensitive (82-100%) for acute pancreatitis
o o o o o o o
-lipase elevations occur earlier & last longer compared to amylase
o o o o o o o o o
Elevated amylase- extrapancreatic - ANSWER: ➡ -salivary disease
o o o o oo o o
-GI: appendicitis, perforated bowel, celiac disease
o o o o o
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Fordenken. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $19.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79789 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now