Fluid and electrolyte balance/acid base balance BIO
669 Northern Kentucky University Practice Exam
Questions and Answers (100% pass)
aldosterone is influenced by what? - ✔️✔️circulating blood volume, blood pressure,
plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium
what is released when circulating blood volume of BP is decreased or sodium is
decreased or potassium is increased? - ✔️✔️renin is secreted and released by the
kidneys
renin stimulates the release of what? - ✔️✔️angiotensin
water balance is primarily regulated by what? - ✔️✔️antidiuretic hormone (ADH,
vasopressin)
ADH secretion increases what? - ✔️✔️water reabsorption into the plasma
what are thirst receptors called? - ✔️✔️osmolality receptors
what are osmolality receptors stimulated by? - ✔️✔️hyperosmolality and plasma volume
depletion
volume receptors and baroreceptors stimulate the release of _______ from the ______
and stimulate thirst due to fluid loss - ✔️✔️ADH; pituitary gland
if sodium levels rise too much, _____________ will be stimulated to be released to aid
in the retention of water - ✔️✔️ADH
an isotonic fluid excess is called? - ✔️✔️hypervolemia
Excessive administration of IV fluids can lead to? - ✔️✔️Hypervolemia
Hypersecretion of aldosterone can lead to? - ✔️✔️hypervolemia
what are the symptoms of hypervolemia? - ✔️✔️distended neck veins, increased BP,
increased hydrostatic pressure leading to edema formation
hypervolemia is treated with? - ✔️✔️diuretics
aldosterone enhances the loss of____________ - ✔️✔️potassium
sodium and chloride balance is maintained by______________________ - ✔️✔️renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controls ______________ retention and thus
volume/pressure in the vascular system - ✔️✔️sodium
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects __________________ and
___________ release - ✔️✔️vasomotor tone; ADH
_______________ leads to sodium and water reabsorption back into the circulation and
excretion of potassium - ✔️✔️aldosterone
______________________ cause sodium and water exertion - ✔️✔️nature tic peptides
__________________ is the major intracellular electrolyte and is essential for normal
cellular functions - ✔️✔️potassium
the distribution of potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluids is influenced
by what factors? - ✔️✔️insulin, aldosterone, epinephrine, alkalosis
an insulin deficiency, aldosterone deficiency, acidosis, cell lysis and strenuous exercise
can facilitate the shift of potassium________ of cells - ✔️✔️out
the ________________ is the most efficient regulator of potassium balance - ✔️✔️kidney
when the body senses a lot of potassium has been ingested what happens? -
✔️✔️potassium will be excreted in urine
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