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GEOG 100 FINAL EXAM REVIEW SOLUTION (key things you should consider) Simon Fraser University
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GEOG 100 FINAL EXAM REVIEW SOLUTION (key things you should consider) Simon Fraser University
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GEOG 100 FINAL EXAM REVIEW SOLUTION(key things you should consider) Simon Fraser
University
, GEOG 100 FINAL EXAM REVIEW SOLUTION (key things you should consider) Simon Fraser University
CHAPTER 1
Places: are specific geographic settings with distinctive physical, social, and cultural attributes.
Regions: are territories that encompass many places, all or most of which share attributes
different from the attributes of places elsewhere.
Human geography: the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s
relationships with their environments.
Identity: the sense that you make of yourself through your subjective feelings based on your
everyday experiences and social relations.
Physical geography: deal with Earth’s natural processes and their outcomes.
Regional geography: concerned with the way that unique combinations of environmental and
human factors produce territories with distinctive landscapes and cultural
attributes.
Remote sensing: the collection of information about parts of Earth’s surface by means of aerial
photography or satellite imagery designed to record data on visible, infrared,
and microwave sensor systems.
Cartography: the art and science of making maps
Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the
features found on Earth’s surface.
Equidistant projections: represent distance accurately in only one direction, although they
usually provide accurate scale in the perpendicular direction.
Conformal projections: render compass directions accurately.
Equivalent projections (equal-area): portray areas on Earth’s surface in their true proportions.
Geographic information systems (GIS): involve an organized set of computer hardware, software
and spatially coded data that is designed to capture,
store, update, manipulate, and display geographically
referenced information.
Geodemographic research: uses census data and commercial data about the populations of
small districts in creating profiles of those populations for market
research.
Spatial analysis: location, distance, space, accessibility, and spatial interaction
Latitude: angular distance of a point on Earth’s surface, measured in degrees, minutes, and
seconds north or south of the equator, which is assigned a value of 0°.
Longitude: angular distance of a point on Earth’s surface, measured in degrees, minutes, and
seconds east or west from the prime meridian.
Global Positioning System (GPS): very easy to determine the latitude, longitude, and elevation of
any given point.
Site: physical attributes of a location
Situation: location of a place relative to other places and human activities
Cognitive images: psychological representations of locations that spring from people’s individual
ideas and impressions of these locations.
Cognitive distance: the distance that people perceive to exist in a given situation
Friction of distance: a reflection of the time and cost of overcoming distance
Distance-decay function: the rate at which a particular activity or phenomenon diminishes with
increasing distance
Topological space: the connections between, or connectivity of, particular points in space
Cognitive space: defined and measured in terms of people’s values, feelings, beliefs, and
perceptions about places and regions
Accessibility: relative location: the opportunity for contact or interaction from a given point or
location in relation to other locations
Spatial interaction: all kinds of movement and flows involving human activity
Economies of scale: cost advantages to manufacturers in high-volume production; the average
cost of production falls with increasing output
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