PEDIATRICS HESI COMPLETE EXAM
A 6-month-old infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) is
receiving digoxin elixir. Which observation by the nurse
warrants immediate intervention?
Apical heart rate of 60.
Sweating across the forehead.
Doesn't suck well.
Respiratory rate of 30 breaths per m...
A 6-month-old infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) is
receiving digoxin elixir. Which observation by the nurse
warrants immediate intervention?
Apical heart rate of 60.
Sweating across the forehead.
Doesn't suck well.
Respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Apical heart rate of 60.
A heart rate of 60 (A) is much lower than normal for a 6-month-
old and warrants immediate intervention. The normal heart rate
for a 6-month-old is 80 to 150 BPM when awake, and a rate of
70 while sleeping is considered within normal limits. (B and C)
are expected symptoms of heart failure in an infant. (D) is
within normal limits for an infant.
The nurse is teaching the parents of a 5-year-old with cystic
fibrosis about respiratory treatments. Which statement indicates
to the nurse that the parents understand?
Perform postural drainage before starting aerosol therapy.
Give respiratory treatments when the child is coughing a lot.
Administer aerosol therapy followed by postural drainage
before meals.
Ensure respiratory therapy is done daily during any respiratory
infection. - CORRECT ANSWER-Administer aerosol therapy
followed by postural drainage before meals.
,Postural drainage for a child with cystic fibrosis is most effective
when performed after nebulization and before meals (C) or at
least 1 hour after eating to prevent nausea and vomiting.
Postural drainage uses gravity to promote mucous removal
after nebulization (A) treatments which open the airways.
Pulmonary toileting or respiratory treatments should be given 3
to 4 times daily, not episodically (B and D).
A female teenager is taking oral tetracycline HCL (Achromycin
V) for acne vulgaris. What is the most important instruction for
the nurse to include in this client's teaching plan?
Use sunscreen when lying by the pool.
Cleanse the skin at least 4 times a day.
Take the medication with a glass of milk.
Menstrual periods may become irregular. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Use sunscreen when lying by the pool.
Photosensitivity is a common side effect of tetracycline HCL
(Achromycin V) therapy. Severe sunburn can occur with
minimal sun exposure and clients should be instructed to avoid
sunlight and to use sunscreen (A). (B and D) are not related to
tetracycline HCL (Achromycin V) therapy. (C) should be
avoided because dairy products interfere with the absorption of
tetracyclines.
What preoperative nursing intervention should be included in
the plan of care for an infant with pyloric stenosis?
Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis.
Estimate the quantity of diarrhea stools.
Place in a supine position after feeding.
Observe for projectile vomiting. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Observe for projectile vomiting.
Projectile vomiting (D), which contributes to metabolic alkalosis
(A), is the classic sign of pyloric stenosis. (B) is not indicated.
(C) is dangerous, due to the potential for aspiration with
frequent vomiting.
,An infant is born with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and
surgery is planned to correct the defect. The nurse recognizes
that surgical correction is designed to achieve which outcome?
Stop the flow of unoxygenated blood into systemic circulation.
Increase the flow of unoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.
Reduce peripheral tissue hypoxia and nailbed clubbing -
CORRECT ANSWER-Prevent the return of oxygenated blood
to the lungs.
Closure of VSDs stops oxygenated blood from being shunted
from the left ventricle to the right ventricle (C). VSDs are
acyanotic defects, which means that no unoxygenated blood
enters the systemic circulation (A and B). (D) is common with
Tetrology of Fallot, which is a cyanotic defect.
A 3-week-old newborn is brought to the clinic for follow-up after
a home birth. The mother reports that her child bottle feeds for
5 minutes only and then falls asleep. The nurse auscultates a
loud murmur characteristic of a ventricular septal defect (VSD),
and finds the newborn is acyanotic with a respiratory rate of 64
breaths per minute. What instruction should the nurse provide
the mother to ensure the infant is receiving adequate intake?
(Select all that apply.)
A. Monitor the the infant's weight and number of wet diapers
per day.
B. Increase the infant's intake per feeding by 1 to 2 ounces per
week.
C. Mix the dose of prophylactic antibiotic in a full bottle of
formula.
D. Allow the infant to rest and refeed on demand or every 2
hours.
E. Use a softer nipple or increase the size of the nipple
opening. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Monitor the the infant's
weight and number of wet diapers per day.
, B. Increase the infant's intake per feeding by 1 to 2 ounces per
week.
D. Allow the infant to rest and refeed on demand or every 2
hours.
E. Use a softer nipple or increase the size of the nipple
opening.
Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for infants with VSDs,
but should not be mixed in a bottle of formula (C) because it is
difficult to ensure that the total dose is consumed.
They should be monitored for weight gain and at least 6 wet
diapers per day (A). A one-month old infant should ingest 2 to 4
ounces of formula per feeding and progress to about 30 ounces
per day by 4-months of age (B)
Preoperative nursing care for a child with Wilms' tumor should
include which intervention?
Gently percuss the abdomen for evidence of trapped air.
Observe the abdomen for any noticeable discolorations.
Apply cold compresses to the abdomen to reduce edema.
Put a sign on the bed reading, "DO NOT PALPATE
ABDOMEN." - CORRECT ANSWER-Put a sign on the bed
reading, "DO NOT PALPATE ABDOMEN."
Prevention of abdominal palpation (D) minimizes the risk of
rupturing the encapsulated tumor and subsequent metastasis.
(A) is unnecessary, and this action could traumatize the tumor
in the same manner as palpation. (B and C) are incorrect since
the abdomen is not discolored and cold compresses are not
indicated.
At 8 a.m. the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) informs the
charge nurse that a female adolescent client with acute
glomerulonephritis has a blood pressure of 210/110. The 4 a.m.
blood pressure reading was 170/88. The client reports to the
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