A Concise Introduction to Logic:
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts
Logic - ANSThe organized body of knowledge, or science, that evaluates arguments (pg. 1).
Argument - ANSA group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to
provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the others (the conclusion) (pg. 1).
Statement - ANSA sentence that is either true or false--in other words, typically a declarative
sentence or a sentence component that could stand as a declarative sentence (pg. 2).
Truth Values - ANSThe attribute by which a statement is either true or false (pg. 2).
Premises - ANSThe statements that set forth the reasons or evidence (pg. 2).
Conclusion - ANSThe statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply (pg.2).
Conclusion Indicators - ANSWords that provide clues to identifying a conclusion: therefore, thus,
consequently, accordingly, so, hence, we may conclude, we may infer, implies that... (pg. 3).
Premise Indicators - ANSWords that provide clues to identifying a premise: since, for, because,
given that (pg. 3).
Inference - ANSThe reasoning process expressed by an argument (pg. 5). Dr. Anacker's
definition: "movement of reasoning from evidence to conclusion"; mental concept/event
Proposition - ANSThe information content of a statement (pg. 5).
Syllogistic Logic - ANSA kind of logic in which the fundamental elements are terms, and
arguments are evaluated as good or bad depending on how the terms are arranged in the
argument (pg. 5).
Modal Logic - ANSA kind of logic that involves such concepts as possibility, necessity, belief,
and doubt (pg. 5).
Expository Passage - ANSA kind of discourse that begins with a topic sentence followed by one
or more sentences that develop the topic sentence (pg. 18-19).
Illustration - ANSAn expression involving one or more examples that is intended to show what
something means or how it is done (pg. 19-20).
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