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BSC1005 - Chapter 2 Verified Solutions

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BSC1005 - Chapter 2 Verified Solutions 1. Matter: - ️ Anything that takes up space and has mass. 2. Element: - ️ A substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by ordinary chemical means. The smallest units that make up matter. - ️ Only 92 naturally occurring elements exi...

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  • August 14, 2024
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  • BSC1005 - Chapter 2 Verified Solution
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BSC1005 - Chapter 2 Verified Solutions
1. Matter:

- ✔️ Anything that takes up space and has mass.



2. Element:

- ✔️ A substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by ordinary chemical means.
The smallest units that make up matter.

- ✔️ Only 92 naturally occurring elements exist.



3. Four Elements Making Up Most Living Organisms:

- ✔️ Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (make up about 96% of body weight).



Atomic Structure



4. Atomic Structure:

- ✔️ What an atom looks like.



5. Atomic Theory:

- ✔️ States that elements consist of atoms.



6. Atomic Chemical Symbol:

- ✔️ The symbol representing an atom or element.



7. Subatomic Particles:

- ✔️ Neutrons: No electrical charge, found in the nucleus.

- ✔️ Protons: Positive charge (+), found in the nucleus.

- ✔️ Electrons: Negative charge (−), found outside of the nucleus.

, 8. Atomic Number:

- ✔️ The number of protons in an atom.

- ✔️ In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.



9. Atomic Mass Number:

- ✔️ Equal to the sum of protons and neutrons (P + N = Mass Number).



Periodic Table and Isotopes



10. Periodic Table:

- ✔️ Elements' chemical and physical characteristics recur predictably.

- ✔️ Atoms are arranged in periods (rows) and groups (columns).



11. Isotopes:

- ✔️ Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons.

- ✔️ Same number of protons but different mass numbers.

- ✔️ Can be unstable and decay, emitting radiation.

- ✔️ Radioactive isotopes behave similarly to stable isotopes of the same element.



Electron Arrangement



12. Arrangement of Electrons:

- ✔️ Very important; electrons are constantly moving.

- ✔️ Models of atoms can be constructed with energy levels or electron shells.

- ✔️ Each shell can hold a specific number of electrons:

- ✔️ 2 electrons for the first shell.

- ✔️ 8 electrons for each additional shell.

- ✔️ Chemical properties of atoms are largely determined by the arrangement of their electrons.

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