,1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is characterized by a
decrease in the force of heart muscle contractions?
a) Cardiomyopathy
b) Myocardial infarction
c) Pericarditis
d) Angina pectoris
Correct Answer: a) Cardiomyopathy
Rationale: Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle where
the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened, which can
reduce the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is the term used to describe an excess
accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity.
Correct Answer: Pleural effusion
Rationale: Pleural effusion is the build-up of excess fluid between the
layers of the pleura outside the lungs, which can lead to difficulty breathing
and chest pain.
3. True/False: Pulmonary edema is primarily caused by left-sided heart
failure.
Correct Answer: True
, Rationale: Pulmonary edema is often caused by congestive heart failure
when the left ventricle is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid
backup in the lungs.
Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
recognized complications of diabetes mellitus?
a) Neuropathy
b) Nephropathy
c) Retinopathy
d) Hepatopathy
Correct Answers: a) Neuropathy, b) Nephropathy, c) Retinopathy
Rationale: Diabetes can lead to various complications, including
neuropathy (nerve damage), nephropathy (kidney damage), and retinopathy
(eye damage). Hepatopathy is not commonly a direct complication of
diabetes.
. Multiple Choice: What is the primary pathophysiological process that
occurs in asthma?
a) Alveolar collapse
b) Bronchial obstruction
c) Pulmonary fibrosis
d) Pleural effusion
Correct Answer: b) Bronchial obstruction
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