,1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following medications is considered a
first-line treatment for heart failure?
A. Captopril
B. Furosemide
C. Metoprolol
D. Digoxin
Correct Answer: C. Metoprolol
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that is commonly used as a first-
line treatment in heart failure due to its ability to reduce the heart rate and
decrease the workload on the heart.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: ________ is the process by which a drug’s therapeutic
effects are diminished over time due to continuous use.
Correct Answer: Tachyphylaxis
Rationale: Tachyphylaxis refers to the rapid decrease in response to a
drug after repeated doses over a short period of time.
3. True/False: Glucocorticoids are recommended as a long-term treatment
option for asthma.
Correct Answer: False
, Rationale: While glucocorticoids are effective for controlling acute
exacerbations of asthma, they are not recommended for long-term
treatment due to potential side effects.
4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
potential adverse effects of aminoglycosides?
A. Ototoxicity
B. Nephrotoxicity
C. Hepatotoxicity
D. Cardiotoxicity
Correct Answers: A. Ototoxicity, B. Nephrotoxicity
Rationale: Aminoglycosides are known to cause ototoxicity and
nephrotoxicity, which are toxic effects on the ears and kidneys, respectively.
5. Multiple Choice: What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
A. They block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
B. They increase the excretion of sodium and water.
C. They inhibit the sympathetic nervous system.
D. They cause vasodilation by blocking calcium channels.
Correct Answer: A. They block the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II.
Rationale: ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting
enzyme, which is responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.
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