NUR 676 Exam III Review Questions and
Correct Answers
What are complications of dog bites? ✅crush injuries, destructive soft tissue injuries,
neurovascular and orthopedic injuries, and death.
Dog bites commonly affect ✅the extremities, children and young adults, and animals
who are provoked.
Cat bites commonly affect ✅the hand and forearm in older women
Why is the infection rate of cat bites higher than dogs? ✅cat bites include a deeper
puncture from the cats sharp teeth
What are the risk factors for bite wound infections? ✅age older than 50 years,
advanced liver disease, alcoholism, DM, location of bite on the hand or foot, failure to
irrigate or debride wound during initial management, treatment delay of more than 12
hours, edema at the bite site, and peripheral vascular disease
What are the most common pathogens that cause animal bite infections? ✅Aerobic:
Pasturella multocida, streptococci, staphylococci, and Coryneubacterium species.
anaerobic: bacteriodes, actinomyces, porphyromonas, and fusobacterium.
What rare bacterium in a dogs mouth can cause sepsis? ✅Capnocytophagia
Canomoruses
What is often present and transmitted during human bite? ✅Eikinella Corroderes
why should you be concerned about E corredens? ✅it can be resistant to empirically
chosen antibiotics and produce beta lactamases.
What needs to be included in history about bite injury? ✅the location and time of the
bite, species and behavior of animal, rabies vaccine of animal, and provoktion status.
what needs to be included in documentation for bite? ✅location, extent, depth of
wound, type of wound (puncture, scratch, tear, avulsion), tenderness and other signs of
infection (fever, erythema, edema, warmth, streaking, flcutuation, adenopathy, and
purulent discharge), testing for tendon lacerations, joints and nerves, and signs of
compartment syndrome (pain, paresthesia, pallor, paralysis)
what diagnostics should you order for infected wounds? ✅CBC, ESR , CRP aerobic
and anaerobic wound cultures, blood cultures if febrile
, what diagnostics should you order for deep and complex wounds? ✅xray studies
what diagnostics should you order for human bites ✅HIV, hep B, Hep C and titer
What are CRP and ESR used for? ✅to monitor response to treatment
what is the first step of treatment after assessing for life threatening injuries in bites?
✅irrigate the wound with 150 ml sterile saline solution, remove any foregin bodies or
clots,
when do wounds develop signs of infection? ✅24-72 hours after the bite
what is significant about management of bites to the face? ✅extensive irrigation,
cautious debridement, preemptive antibiotics, primary closure, referral to ED or plastics
What wounds should be left open? ✅cat and human bites, deep puncture wounds,
infectied wounds, wounds more than 6-12 hours old, and bites to the hand.
What is significant about wounds to the hand or foot? ✅They should be immobilized
and elevated for 1-3 days
Which bites require 5-7 days of prophylaxis? ✅cat bites or bites to the hand
What is the most effective prophylactic therapy for fresh bites? ✅Augmentin 500/125
every 8 hours for 5-7 days
What is the treatment for bites with penicillin allergy? ✅Clindamycin in combination
with doxy or batrim (additional would be levo or cipro)
What should pregnant patients receive for bites? ✅Macrolides (azith, claryth, eryth)
What is the treatment protocol for older infected bites? ✅7-14 days of hospitalization
and IV antibiotics (possible referral to infectious diseases for bone and joint damage)
How to treat outpatient MRSA? ✅oral linezolid
how to treat inpatient MRSA? ✅Bactrim, Doxy, Clindamycin
What is treatment for complicated MRSA infections? ✅Pareneteral vanc, daptomycin,
linezolid, ceftaroline, or tigecycline.
What do you administer if the patient has completed full tdap series, but no booster?
✅Td or Tdap booster should be administered
