Test bank of Astro 7n Exam 1 (Unit 1 & 2) questions and answers 2024/2025
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Course
Astro 7n
Institution
Astro 7n
Test bank of Astro 7n Exam 1 (Unit 1 & 2) questions and answers 2024/2025 Test bank of Astro 7n Exam 1 (Unit 1 & 2) questions and answers 2024/2025 Test bank of Astro 7n Exam 1 (Unit 1 & 2) questions and answers 2024/2025 Test bank of Astro 7n Exam 1 (Unit 1 & 2) questions and answers 2024/2025 ...
Newton's First Law - ANSWER- An object at rest, or in motion in a straight line
at a constant speed, will remain in that state unless acted upon by a force
Ex) If the Sun suddenly disappeared, the Earth would continue in the direction
that it was traveling in its orbit at that time
Newton's Second Law - ANSWER- The acceleration of a body due to a force
will be in the same direction as the force, with a magnitude directly proportional
to its mass
-Force = Mass * Acceleration
-(A smaller mass will move faster, if the same force is applied to it.)
Newton's Third Law - ANSWER- For every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction
-The Sun exerts force on planets, and they orbit it -- the planets exert equal
force on Sun, but it only moves slightly because of its very large mass relative
to the planets
,The strength of gravity, g, on the surface of a planet is given by: - ANSWER-
g=M/R^2
where M is the mass of the planet and R is its radius
What does more mass mean? - ANSWER- -More gravity
If the mass of a planet were twice that of another, but they had the same radius,
the gravity felt on the surface of the more-massive one would be twice as strong
What does larger separation mean? - ANSWER- -Less gravity
If the radius of a planet were twice that of another, the gravity is 1/(2)^2 = 1/4
as strong
Figure out the surface gravity of Mars, relative to the Earth
Mars has 1/10 the mass of the Earth and 1/2 the radius of Earth. So for Mars, -
ANSWER- g= (1/10)/(1/2)^2 = (1/10)/(1/4) = 4/10
-Mars has a surface gravity 4/10 that of Earth
Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation - ANSWER- This law gives the force of
gravity between any two objects in the Universe. The force of gravity is
proportional to (Mass of object 1) * (Mass of object 2) divided by the distance
between the two objects squared:
,F ∝ M1 x M2 / d^2
If the objects were moved 2 times closer (or, to half of their initial distance
between) ... - ANSWER- F ∝ M1 x M2 / (1/2)^2 = M1 x M2 / (1/4) = 4 (M1 x
M2) so the gravitational attraction would because 4 times as great
What causes day and night? - ANSWER- Rotation of the Earth on its axis
How does the Sun appear to move in the sky in the course of a day? -
ANSWER- East to West, because of Earth's rotation. The stars and planets
move in the same way from our point of view, also, because of Earth's rotation
What happens to the Earth in one year? - ANSWER- It orbits the Sun, once
Why do we have seasons? - ANSWER- The tilt of the Earth's axis of rotation,
with respect to the plane of its orbit around the Sun (The tilt is about 23
degrees)
How is the Earth's axis tilted when we have summer in the Northern
hemisphere? - ANSWER- With the North pole toward the Sun
, What season is it in the Southern hemisphere when it is summer in the Northern
hemisphere? - ANSWER- Winter
When does Winter begin and what does that mean? - ANSWER- On or about
December 21 = in the Northern hemisphere, the nights are longer than days
When does Spring begin and what does that mean? - ANSWER- On or about
March 21 = days and nights have equal length
When does Summer begin and what does that mean? - ANSWER- On or about
June 21 = days longer than nights in the North
When does Fall begin and what does that mean? - ANSWER- On or about
September 21 = days and nights have equal length
What happens if the Earth's axis were not tilted? - ANSWER- Seasons would
not happen
What happens to the moon in 1 month? - ANSWER- It moves once around the
Earth
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