STUVIA 2024/2025
Bone, Levers, Osteokinematics,
Arthrokinematics, and Nerve Exam
Diaphysis
Epiphsis
Metaphysis
%
Medullary contains
Red and yellow bone marrow (made of fat)
Diaphysis is lined with connective tissue layer called the ___
Endosteum
Outer compact bone is surrounded by a double protective layer called ___
Periosteum
Outer surface of Epiphysis
Cortical (compact or lamellar) bone
Inner surface of Epiphysis
Spongy (cancellous or trabecular)
Portion between the shaft and the wide parts of the ends- corresponds to the area of the epiphyseal
line in ossified bone
Metaphysis
Responsible for longitudinal growth
Epiphyseal plate
Hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone
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Epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate usually closes by ___
25th year
Chondrocytes are under constant division by mitosis --> older cells are pushed towards the diaphysis
--> Osteoblasts ossify the remains to form new bone --> Epiphyseal cartilage cells stop duplicating
the and the entire cartilage is slowly replaced by bone
Closing of epiphyseal plate
Compact bone
2
Spongy bone
%
Most bones of the appendicular skeleton (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, metacarpals, phalanges
etc.)
Long bone
Carpals and tarsals
Short bone
Parietal, Frontal, Occipital, Ribs, Sternum
Flat bone
Bones that don't fit into the other categories (i.e. ethmoid, sphenoid, vertebrae, pelvic bones)
Irregular bone
Typically embedded in a tendon (Patella, pisiform, big toe, thumb)
Sesamoid bone
Containing air-filled spaces (bones of the facial skeleton and paranasal sinuses)
Pneumatic bone
About __ of the entire adult skeleton is remodeled each ear
10%
Spongy bone is arranged in lines that correspond with _______
Lines of maximal stress
Spongy bone also contains red bone marrow so it is responsible for erythropoiesis (especially in the
___)
Sternum, vertebrae, portions of the pelvis (ilium) and proximal epiphyses of femur and humerus
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