The notes attached have been used to tutor students for the NYS Regents. All students tutored received a grade of 90+ on the exam due to these notes. These notes also help prepare for AP Biology or a college-level biology course and encompass units such as biochemistry, genetics, ecosystem intera...
1. Autotroph: an organism that makes its food
2. Heterotroph: an organism that gets its food from another source
3. Synthesis: to make/put together
4. Ecosystem: where living/nonliving things interact
5. Herbivore: plant eater
6. Carnivore: meat eater
7. Omnivore: plant/meat eater
8. Inference: what you think will happen based on prior knowledge
9. Observations: usage of one/more senses to notice things
10. Hypothesis: an educated guess
11. Independent Variable: variable that is purposely changed
12. Dependent Variable: variable that changes in response to others
13. Homeostasis: a stable internal environment
14. Classify the act of grouping an organism based on characteristics
15. Evolution: slow change over time
16. Niche: an organism’s role in an environment
17. Migration is the movement of organisms in response to
temperatures and seasons
18. Instinct: something an organism is born with
19. Habitat: an environment fit for an organism's needs
20. Decomposer: an organism that breaks down food
21. Consumer: organism unable to make food
22. Producer: an organism that makes food
23. Prediction: What you think may happen
24. Adaptation: changing to fit
25. Osmosis: diffusion of water through a membrane
26. Diffusion: the movement of anything from areas to different concentration ones (e.g.
active and passive transport)
Active Transport Passive Transport
energy needed no energy needed
the movement of molecules from an area of the movement of molecules from an area of
low to high concentration high to low concentration
,Living Environment Notes
Sept. 12
I.O. What are the differences between living and nonliving things?
Alive Artificial
animals plastic
humans dirt
fungi plasma
plants atoms
bacteria solids
cells liquids
insects gasses
algae rocks
Key Point: All living things are made of cells. All nonliving things are composed of atoms and
molecules.
What do all living things need?
● Water
● Habitat
● Homeostasis
● Energy
● Ability to excrete wastes
, Living Environment Notes
Sept. 12 (continued)
What is cell theory and which scientists were involved?
Cell Theory:
● All living things are composed of cells.
● Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things.
● All cells come from pre-existing.
1. 1660s-Robert Hooke
● English scientist
● Made first compound microscope
● Found dead plant cells
● Examined cork and discovered cells
2. 1660s-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek
● Dutch scientist/businessman
● Looked at the pond water and saw moving creatures he named “animalcules”
● Observed unicellular organisms from teeth scrapings
3. 1830s-Mathias Schleiden
● German botanist
● Concluded that all plants are made of cells
4. 1830s-Theodor Schwann
● German zoologist
● Concluded that all animals are made of cells
5. 1850s-Rudolf Virchow
● German doctor
● Studied animal skins
● Concluded all cells come from pre-existing
Eukaryote: the DNA is inside the nucleus (usually in multicellular organisms)
Prokaryote: The DNA is not inside the nucleus and floats in the cytoplasm (usually in
unicellular organisms and bacteria)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anujgandhi. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
