Exam (elaborations)
PSYC 215 - Midterm Detailed Questions and Expert Answers
- Course
- PSYC 215
- Institution
- California State University - San Marcos
PSYC 215 - Midterm Detailed Questions and Expert Answers
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PSYC 215 - Midterm Detailed Questions andExpert Answers
Hindsight bias - ANS The tendency to believe that you could have predicted some
outcome which, in fact you could not have accurately predicted.
Hypothesis - ANS A prediction about what will happen under particular
circumstances.
Theory - ANS Body of related propositions intended to describe some aspect of the
world.
Observational research - ANS Looking at a phenomenon in a reasonably systematic
way.
Archival research - ANS Looking at evidence in archives of some sort.
Surveys - ANS Simply asking questions.
Population - ANS Group you want to know about.
Random samples - ANS Samples that are likely to capture the proportions of given
types of people in the population as a whole.
,Convenience samples - ANS Samples chosen out of ease. May be biased or skewed
in some way.
Correlational research - ANS Research that determines whether a relationship
exists between two or more variables.
Experimental research - ANS Research that randomly assigns people to different
conditions or situations, and enables researchers to make strong inferences about
how different conditions affect behavior.
3rd variable - ANS An outside variable in correlational research that may have
influenced the variables being measured.
Self selection - ANS Problem in correlational research where the participant selects
their level on each variable (married or not)
Independent variable - ANS The experimental factor that is manipulated; the
variable whose effect is being studied.
Dependent variable - ANS The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Random assignment - ANS Assigning participants to different groups randomly so
that they have an equal chance of being assigned to any condition.
, Control condition - ANS A condition comparable to the experimental condition in
every way except that it lacks the one ingredient hypothesized to produce the
expected effect on the dependent variable.
Natural experiment - ANS Naturally occurring event that can be compared with
almost as much rigor as in experiments where the investigator manipulates the
conditions.
External validity - ANS Indication of how well the results of a study generalize to
contexts beyond the study itself.
Field experiment - ANS experiment conducted in a real world setting.
Internal validity - ANS Confidence in experimental research that only the
manipulated variable could have produced the results.
Debriefing - ANS Asking participants if they understand the instructions and
educating them about the questions being studied.
Reliability - ANS Degree to which the particular way researchers measure a given
variable is likely to yield consistent results.
Measurement validity - ANS Correlation between some measure and some
outcome the measure is supposed to predict.
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