ASCP Technologist in Molecular Biology board exam with Answers
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ASCP Technologist in Molecular Biology
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ASCP Technologist In Molecular Biology
ASCP Technologist in Molecular Biology board exam with Answers
1. Pyrimidine One carbon ring
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
2. Purine Two carbon rings
Adenine, Guanine
3. How are nu-
cleotides joined
together?
4. What is the func-
tion of mRNA?
5. What is the func-
tion of tRNA?
6. What is t...
ASCP Technologist in Molecular Biology board exam with Answers
1. Pyrimidine One carbon ring
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
2. Purine Two carbon rings
Adenine, Guanine
3. How are nu- Condensation to form phosphodiester bond
cleotides joined
together?
4. What is the func- Carries genetic info out of nucleus
tion of mRNA? Transcript translated to protein
5. What is the func- Carries aa to ribosome
tion of tRNA? Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand
6. What is the func- part of ribosome structure
tion of rRNA? most abundant RNA
coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons
7. Feedback inhibi- Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor
tion Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much
product
8. Exonucleases Degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nt at a
time
Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain
5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5'
9. Endonucleases Restriction enzymes
(Prok) Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i poly-nt chain
Recognition site is palindromic sequence
Types I-V
10. ORI sites nt sequence where replication is initiated
11. Topoisomerase I Induces ss breaks
Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication;
for strand breakage during recombination; for chr conden-
sation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA during mitosis
,ASCP Technologist in Molecular Biology board exam with Answers
12. topoisomerase II cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes anoth-
er unbroken DNA helix through it, and then reanneals the
cut strands
13. Gyrase (topoiso- Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the rep fork
merase II) by introducing DSBs
14. Helicase Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork
15. Primase DNApol ±D ( NA dep RNA pol)
adds short segments of complementary
RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting
points for replication
16. single-strand Binds ssDNA and prevents it from re-annealing during
DNA binding TXN, replication, repair, and recombination
proteins (SSBPs)
17. Okazaki frag- Short fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol ´using
ments the lagging strand (3'->5') as a template
18. Ligase Closes gaps in DNA
Catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 3'OH and 5'P
19. What are the 1. Initiate
steps in DNA 2. Elongate
replication? 3. Terminate
20. Telomeres Repeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chr, protect
chr from degradation
21. RNA polymerase DNA dependent RNApol
Transcribes DNA template to RNA (3'-->5'; anti-parallel)
22. Splicesomes Complex of snRNPs
Removes introns from pre-mRNA and splices exons to-
gether
23. Enhancers
,ASCP Technologist in Molecular Biology board exam with Answers
Short regions of DNA that bind proteins (TXN factors) that
enhance TXN of a gene
24. Poly-A tail Prevents mRNA from being degraded in cytoplasm
100-250 A's at 3' end
25. 5' cap 5'-5' pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated G added to 5'
end of a mRNA
Protects against degradation and as a recognition signal
for TLN apparatus
26. aminoacyl tRNA tRNAs that carry amino acids
27. Ribosomes Where TLN occurs
Prok: 30s and 50s
Euk: 40s and 60s
Catalyzes peptide bond between a.a.'s
28. What is the path Acceptor > Peptidyl > Exit
of a tRNA in a ri-
bosome?
29. How is transla- small rRNA (40S) subunit binds mRNA and scans for start
tion initiated? codon (AUG)
Met-tRNA is brought to the P site
Large rRNA (60S) subunit binds
30. How is transla- Occurs when stop codon enters A site
tion terminated? Release factor recognizes stop codon, hydrolyzes ester
bond with P site, releasing aa chain
31. Reverse tran- enzyme that transcribes RNA to cDNA (lacks introns)
scriptase RNA --> RNA:DNA --> cDNA (dsDNA)
32. Pleiotrophy a single gene controls the expression of many phenotypic
traits
ie Sickle Cell Anemia
33. cDNA intron free complementary DNA
can be inserted into a plasmid
, 34. Vector helps carry DNA into cell
ie plasmids, virus
35. Open Reading sections of DNA that begin with start codons and end with
Frame (ORF) stop codons
DNA: 5' --> 3'
transcription: 3' --> 5' DNA --> RNA (promoter)
translation: 5' --> 3' mRNA
36. Spectrophotome- Measures amount of light absorbed
ter Quantitative measurement of [DNA/RNA]
37. At what wave- 260 nm
length does DNA
and RNA ab-
sorb?
38. At what wave- 280 nm
length does pro-
tein absorb?
39. Organic isolation 1. Lyse
method 2. Add phenol/ chloroform > vortex/spin
3. Transfer aqueous layer (top) to new tube
4. Add chloroform:IAA (removes phenol) > vortex/spin
5. Transfer aqueous layer to new tube
6. Add NaOAc and EtOH > vortex/spin
7. Decant
8. Resuspend
40. How do you inac- 200C for 2 hrs
tivate RNases? 30 min in 1M NaOH or quanidinum isothiocyanate
41. Hybridization 2 ssDNA molecules of comp base sequence can form a
ds hybrid (duplex)
42. What does the Allows formation of ds molecules
incubation step
in hybridization
do?
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