AP Biology Semester 1 review 2024/2025 new update with questions and answers
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Course
AP Biology
Institution
AP Biology
AP Biology Semester 1 review 2024/2025 new update with questions and answers AP Biology Semester 1 review 2024/2025 new update with questions and answers AP Biology Semester 1 review 2024/2025 new update with questions and answers
,6. Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) - ANSWER- A molecule composed of the
sugar ribose, the base adenine, and two phosphate groups
7. Matrix - ANSWER- the fluid contained within the inner membrane of the
mitochondrion
8. Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle) - ANSWER- cycle series of reactions in
which pyruvate molecules produced are broken down to CO2, forming
ATP and NADH
9. Light Reactions - ANSWER- Chlorophyll and other molecules capture
sunlight energy and convert it to chemical energy stored in ATP and
NADPH-associated with the thylakoid
10.Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWER- A molecule composed of
the sugar ribose, the base adenine, and three phosphate groups.
11.Noncompetitive Inhibition - ANSWER-
,12.Lactic acid fermentation - ANSWER- A series of anaerobic chemical
reactions using pyruvic acid that follows glycolysis and regenerates the
NAD+ needed for glycolysis to occur. Produces Lactic Acid, occurs in
bacteria and human muscle cells experiencing oxygen debt.
13.Alcoholic fermentation - ANSWER- A series of anaerobic chemical
reactions using pyruvic acid. Follows glycolysis and regenerates the
NAD+ needed for glycolysis to occur. Produces alcohol and CO2 as
byproducts, used by yeast cells in anaerobic conditions.
14.Competitive Inhibition - ANSWER- The process by which two ore more
molecules that are somewhat similar in structure compete for the active
site of an enzyme.
15.Stoma (stomata) - ANSWER- Pores in the epidermis-mouths of the plant-
open and close to exchange CO2, O2, and H2O vapor
16.Endergonic - ANSWER- Pertaining to a chemical reaction that requires
an input of energy.
, 17.Stroma - ANSWER- Fluid enclosed in the chloroplasts
18.Enzyme - ANSWER- A protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific
biological reactions.
19.Thylakoid - ANSWER- Inner most membrane of chloroplast arranged
into disk shaped stacks.
20.Exergonic - ANSWER- Pertaining to a chemical reaction that liberates
energy (either as heat or in the form of increased entropy); a "downhill"
reaction.
21.Metabolism - ANSWER- The sum of all chemical reactions that occur
within a single cell or within all cells of a multicellular organism.
22.Cell size is limited by - ANSWER- surface to volume ratios
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