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ROSH Review- Cardiovascular & Pulmonology Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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ROSH Review- Cardiovascular & Pulmonology Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Friday, July 19, 2024 6:13 AMROSH Review- Cardiovascular & Pulmonology
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
A 65-year-old man with a medical history of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and stable angina
presents to the clinic for routine follow-up. Current medications include lisinopril, atorvastatin,
aspirin, and propranolol. Vital signs are HR 76 bpm, RR 17 breaths per minute, BP 142/88 mm
Hg, T 97.6°F, and SpO2 97% on room air. During cardiac auscultation, a harsh crescendo-
decrescendo systolic ejection murmur is heard over the right upper sternal border with radiation
to the carotids bilaterally. Which of the following maneuvers is most likely to accentuate this
murmur?
A) Abrupt standing
B) Handgrip
C) Lying down
D) Squatting
E) Valsalva maneuver - ✔️✔️D) Squatting
Which of the following pathophysiologic changes is characteristic of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease?
A) Decreased elastic recoil pressure
B) Decreased number of goblet cells
C) Decreased static hyperinflation
D) Small airway dilation - ✔️✔️A) Decreased elastic recoil pressure
A 65-year-old man presents to the clinic with chest pain for 2 days. The physical examination
reveals signs of dyspnea. Which of the following physical examination findings are associated
with dyspnea?
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,©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Friday, July 19, 2024 6:13 AM
A) Barrel chest
B) Oxygen saturation of 88%
C) Pursed-lip breathing
D) Wheezing - ✔️✔️C) Pursed-lip breathing
A 59-year-old man presents to the clinic to establish care. Past medical history includes type 2
diabetes mellitus and prior non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Medications are metformin 2
g daily, canagliflozin 100 mg daily, aspirin 81 mg daily, losartan 50 mg daily, carvedilol 25 mg
twice daily, and pravastatin 40 mg daily. He has never smoked, and his blood pressure is 127/81
mm Hg. Laboratory data is as follows:
Total cholesterol: 191 mg/dL
HDL cholesterol: 43 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol: 138 mg/dL
Sodium: 138 mEq/L
Potassium: 4.2 mEq/L
Chloride: 101 mEq/L
Bicarbonate: 27 mEq/L
Blood urea nitrogen: 22 mg/dL
Creatinine: 1.1 mg/dL
Hemoglobin A1C: 7.4%
Which of the following would be the most appropriate changes to make to this patient's statin
regimen?
A) Change pravastatin to atorvastatin 80 mg daily
B) Change pravastatin to rosuvastatin 10 mg daily
C) Continue pravastatin 40 mg daily
D) Increase pravastatin to 8 - ✔️✔️A) Change pravastatin to atorvastatin 80 mg daily
A 60-year-old man presents with shortness of breath. Auscultation of his chest with the patient
lying supine at 45 degrees reveals a systolic murmur at the left lower sternal border and a jugular
venous pressure at 5 cm above the sternal notch. What is the diagnosis?
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, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Friday, July 19, 2024 6:13 AM
A) Mitral valve prolapse
B) Tricuspid regurgitation
C) Tricuspid stenosis
D) Ventricular septal defect - ✔️✔️B) Tricuspid regurgitation
A 52-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cigarette smoking presents to
your clinic with a six-month history of worsening leg pain. The patient reports his pain is worse
when walking and improved with rest. Physical exam reveals decreased hair growth over the
distal extremities and bilateral diminished dorsalis pedis pulses. What is the most appropriate
diagnostic test to establish the suspected diagnosis?
A) Ankle-brachial index
B) CTA of the lower extremities
C) Duplex ultrasonography
D) MRA of the lower extremities - ✔️✔️A) Ankle-brachial index
A 6-week-old infant presents with decreased activity and intermittent cyanosis. Multiple studies
are obtained. Chest radiography is significant for an enlarged pulmonary artery shadow and
prominent hilar vascularity. A diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension is suspected. What is the
most common etiology of pulmonary hypertension among children?
A) Cardiac disease
B) Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension
C) Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
D) Lung disease - ✔️✔️A) Cardiac disease
Which of the following children should be referred for cardiac evaluation for a suspected
pathological heart murmur?
A) A grade 1 vibratory murmur with minimal radiation in a 3 year old
B) A grade 2 musical murmur with no associated click, gallop, or rub in a 2 year old
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