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NURG 603; MODULE 7 MENOPAUSE AND OSTEOPOROSIS EXAM
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NURG 603; MODULE 7 MENOPAUSE ANDOSTEOPOROSIS EXAM 2024-2025
menopause - ANSWER ___ is the natural failure of the ovaries after age 40-45
resulting in absence of fertility; >12 months without menses?
perimenopause - ANSWER ___ is the time before menopause when a woman
transitions from reproductive to non-reproductive- during this time ovarian
estrogen production fluctuates unpredictably; can be physiologic due to depletion
of follicles in ovaries, decreased estrogen synthesis, and cessation of menses; can
be artificial due to surgery (removal of ovaries or radiation therapy); can be
medical due to endometriosis?
premature ovarian failure - ANSWER ___ is the cessation of menses occurring
before age 40?
The age of menopause is NOT influenced by the following:
1. age of menarche
2. number of ovulations or pregnancies
3. lactation
4. use of OCPs
Age of menopause IS influenced by the following:
1. genetics
2. lifestyle
3. Smoking and undernourished women tend to have EARLIER menopause -
ANSWER Is the age of menopause influenced by age at menarche, number of
ovulations or pregnancies, lactation, or use of oral contraceptives? Genetics,
lifestyle, and smoking can influence the age of menopause.
, 1. Yes, the hormones that are produced are FSH and LH (gonadotropins)
2. After menopause, both FSH and LH rise to levels about 100 mU/mL, with FSH
rising earlier and to higher levels than LH. - ANSWER Do postmenopausal ovaries
produce hormones? If so, in what amount? Which hormone is produced the most in
postmenopausal women?
>30nl/ml - ANSWER During menopause you should find a rise in FSH to _____
nl/ml if not on hormonal medications.
50-52 - ANSWER What is the median (average) age for menopause in the U.S.?
Must have cessation of menstrual cycle for 12 months. - ANSWER What
determines the age of natural menopause?
1. Vulva Diminishes, labia majora & labia minora smaller
2. Vagina Atrophies, loss of rugae, Ph increases, epithelium (dry, thin, shiny, pale,
petechiae)
3. Friable lining > bacterial infection, pruritus
4. Vagina dryness = dyspareunia
5. Cervix Smaller with less mucous
6. Uterus Smaller, leiomyoma (fibroid) shrink and adenomyosis does not occur
after menopause
7. Ovaries- Smaller, non-palpable (if you palpate ovaries, rule out ovarian cancer!)
8. Breast - Size decreases, pain & cyst formation decrease
9. Pelvic Floor Muscles -Loses muscle tone leading to uterine prolapse,
cystocele/rectocele - ANSWER Describe adverse physiological changes that occur
after menopause (9).
cessation of menses - ANSWER Describe positive physiological changes that occur
after menopause.
Around 32 years old - ANSWER At what age/when does ovarian function begin to
decline?
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