NBME First Aid Pathology #2 Latest Update
2024-2025 160 Questions and 100% Verified
Correct Answers Actual Exam Guaranteed A+
____ (Grade/Stage) refers to the degree of cellular differentiation; ____ (grade/stage)
refers to the degree of spread. - CORRECT ANSWER: Grade; stage
A 20-year-old female is diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. What tumor will she need to be
screened for? - CORRECT ANSWER: Colonic adenocarcinoma
A 29-year-old pregnant woman is screened positive for a baby with Down syndrome.
What two neoplasms is her baby at risk for? - CORRECT ANSWER: Acute
Lymphoblastic Leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia ("we ALL fall Down")
A 32-year-old with gastroesophageal reflux disease has an esophagus biopsy showing
columnar cells instead of normal squamous cells. Why? - CORRECT ANSWER:
Metaplasia from columnar to squamous cells happens in cells that are chronically
irritated (like esophageal cells in patients with reflux)
A 40-year-old female nuclear plant worker develops a malignant goiter. What is the
diagnosis, and what other cancers will you look for? - CORRECT ANSWER: She likely
has papillary thyroid carcinoma secondary to radiation exposure; sarcomas, leukemias,
and breast cancer
A 40-year-old male patient has had HIV/AIDS for 15 years. What two malignancies
should you be monitoring him for? - CORRECT ANSWER: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
and Kaposi sarcoma
A 45-year-old alcoholic has a mass in his right upper quadrant; you suspect
hepatocellular carcinoma. What tumor marker can you order? - CORRECT ANSWER:
α-fetoprotein
,A 70-year-old male has an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and an enlarged
prostate. Do you think he has prostate cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER: Possibly, but not
likely; benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis can both elevate PSA
A benign tumor is ____ (well/poorly) differentiated with ____ (slow/erratic) growth and
____ (does/does not) tend to metastasize. - CORRECT ANSWER: Well; slow; does not
A child presents with mental retardation, seizures, and facial angiofibromas. What three
tumors is this child at risk for? - CORRECT ANSWER: Astrocytoma, angiomyolipoma,
and cardiac rhabdomyoma
A chronic alcoholic with liver cirrhosis develops a malignancy. What kind of cancer is it
most likely to be? - CORRECT ANSWER: Hepatocellular carcinoma
A malignant tumor derived from blood vessels is known as a(n) ____. - CORRECT
ANSWER: Angiosarcoma
A malignant tumor is ____ (well/poorly) differentiated with ____ (slow/erratic) growth
and ____ (does/does not) tend to metastasize. - CORRECT ANSWER: Poorly; erratic;
does
A man with stage IV liver cancer suffers from marked weight loss, muscle atrophy, and
fatigue. What is the term for these symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER: Cachexia
A patient develops fatigue and difficulty swallowing. He has a long history of untreated
iron deficiency. What is the diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER: Plummer-Vinson
syndrome (atrophic glossitis, esophageal webs, anemia)
A patient develops hyponatremia and high urine osmolarity. Screening for lung cancer is
negative. What other neoplasm do you screen for? - CORRECT ANSWER: Intracranial
neoplasms
, A patient has a hereditary activating mutation of the N-myc gene. What tumor is this
patient at risk for? - CORRECT ANSWER: Neuroblastoma
A patient has a metastatic brain tumor. Where does his tumor appear radiographically? -
CORRECT ANSWER: Multiple well-circumscribed tumors located at the gray-white
border of the brain
A patient has adult T-cell leukemia. Which oncogenic virus do you suspect? -
CORRECT ANSWER: Human T-cell leukemia virus-1
A patient has gross hematuria. You find a transitional cell carcinoma. What type of dye
is classically associated with this malignancy? - CORRECT ANSWER: Naphthalene
(aniline) dyes
A patient has Hodgkin's lymphoma, and recent labs show elevated calcium levels. What
hormone is responsible? - CORRECT ANSWER: Calcitriol
A patient has iron-deficiency anemia, atrophic glossitis, and esophageal webs. You
suspect malignancy. What type of cells are involved? - CORRECT ANSWER: Plummer-
Vinson syndrome involves squamous cells of the esophagus
A patient has squamous cell lung cancer and recent labs show elevated calcium levels.
What hormone is responsible? - CORRECT ANSWER: Parathyroid hormone-related
protein
A patient with peptic ulcer disease has a positive urea breath test. What two cancers is
he at increased risk for? - CORRECT ANSWER: Gastric adenocarcinoma and
lymphoma
A three-year-old has a rhabdomyosarcoma in his heart. Do you expect this tumor to be
well or poorly differentiated? - CORRECT ANSWER: Poorly differentiated because
rhabdomyosarcomas are malignant tumors
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