Adult T-cell leukemia What is the assocciated oncogenic virus? - CORRECT ANSWER:
HTLV-1
Amyloid structure - CORRECT ANSWER: Beta-pleated sheet demonstrable by apple-
green birefringence of Congo red stain under polarized light; affected tissue has waxy
appearance.
Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER: Abnormal cells lacking differentiation; like primitive
cells of the same tissue, often equated w/ undifferentiated malignant neoplasms. Little
or no resemblance to tissue of origin. Irreversible.
Apoptosis (definition) - CORRECT ANSWER: Programmed cell death; ATP required.
Mediated by caspases.
Apoptosis is characterized by...? - CORRECT ANSWER: Cell shrinkage, nuclear
shrinkage and basophilia (pyknosis), membrane blebbing, pyknotic nuclear
fragmentation (karyorrhexis), nuclear fading (karyolysis), and formation of apoptotic
bodies, which are then phagocytosed. No significant inflammation.
,Benign - CORRECT ANSWER: Usually well-differentiated, slow growing, well-
demarcated, no metastasis.
Burkitt's lymphoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma What is the assocciated oncogenic
virus? - CORRECT ANSWER: EBV
Cancer epidemiology: Lung cancer? As a cause of death overall? - CORRECT
ANSWER: Lung cancer deaths have plateaued in males, but continue to incr in females.
Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the USA (heart dz is 1st).
Causes: Ab's against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at NMJ Effect: Lambert-Eaton
syndrome (muscle weakness) What neoplasm would create this paraneoplastic effect? -
CORRECT ANSWER: Thymoma, small cell lung carcinoma
Causes: ACTH or ACTH-like peptide Effect: Cushing's syndrome What neoplasm would
create this paraneoplastic effect? - CORRECT ANSWER: Small cell lung carcinoma
Causes: ADH Effect: SIADH What neoplasm would create this paraneoplastic effect? -
CORRECT ANSWER: Small cell lung carcinoma and intracranial neoplasms
Causes: Erythropoietin Effect: Polycythemia What neoplasm would create this
paraneoplastic effect? - CORRECT ANSWER: Renal cell carcinoma,
hemangioblastoma
Causes: Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid (e.g., cytotoxic therapy) Effect: Gout,
urate nephropathy What neoplasm would create this paraneoplastic effect? - CORRECT
ANSWER: Leukemias and lymphomas
, Causes: PTH-related peptide, TGF-beat, TNF, IL-1 Effect: Hypercalcemia What
neoplasm would create this paraneoplastic effect? - CORRECT ANSWER: Squamous
cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and breast carcinoma
Cervical carcinoma (types 16, 18) Penile/anal carcinoma What is the assocciated
oncogenic virus? - CORRECT ANSWER: HPV
Characteristics of ex udate - CORRECT ANSWER: Cellular Protein-rich Specific gravity
> 1.020 Due to: Lymphatic obstruction Inflammation
Characteristics of trans udate - CORRECT ANSWER: Hypocellular Protein-poor
Specific gravity < 1.012 Due to: Incr hydrostatic pressure Decr oncotic pressure Na+
retention
Chemical carcinogens: Aflatoxins (produced by Aspergillus) What is the affected organ?
- CORRECT ANSWER: Liver (hepatocellular carcinoma)
Chemical carcinogens: Alkylating agents What is the affected organ? - CORRECT
ANSWER: Blood (leukemia)
Chemical carcinogens: Arsenic What is the affected organ? - CORRECT ANSWER:
Skin (squamous cell carcinoma) Liver (angiosarcoma)
Chemical carcinogens: Asbestos What is the affected organ? - CORRECT ANSWER:
Lung (mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Tutordiligent. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $20.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
