NBME Pathology 1 Latest Update 2024-2025 225
Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers
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_____ people are at an increased risk of keloid scar formation: - CORRECT ANSWER:
African American
A benign tumor of bone: - CORRECT ANSWER: osteoma
A benign tumor of connective tissue: - CORRECT ANSWER: fibroma
A benign tumor of fat: - CORRECT ANSWER: lipoma
A benign tumor of smooth muscle: - CORRECT ANSWER: Leiomyoma
A benign tumor of striated muscle: - CORRECT ANSWER: rhabdomyoma
A benign tumor of the blood vessels: - CORRECT ANSWER: hemangioma
A benign tumor of the epithelium is a: - CORRECT ANSWER: adenoma, papilloma
A malignant tumor of blood vessels: - CORRECT ANSWER: angiosarcoma
A malignant tumor of blood: - CORRECT ANSWER: leukemia, lymphoma
A malignant tumor of bone: - CORRECT ANSWER: osteosarcoma
A malignant tumor of connective tissue: - CORRECT ANSWER: fibrosarcoma
,A malignant tumor of epithelium is: - CORRECT ANSWER: adenocarcinoma, papillary
carcinoma
A malignant tumor of fat: - CORRECT ANSWER: liposarcoma
A malignant tumor of smooth muscle: - CORRECT ANSWER: leiomyosarcoma
A malignant tumor of striated muscle: - CORRECT ANSWER: rhabdomyosarcoma
AA (secondary amyloidosis): - CORRECT ANSWER: seen with chronic conditions such
as rheumatoid arthritis, IBD, spondyloarthropathy, protracted infection. Fibrils composed
of serum Amyloid A, hence the "AA". Often multisystem like in AL.
ACUTE cellular response in inflammation: - CORRECT ANSWER: PMN, eosinophil and
Ab mediated. Rapid onset (secs to mins) and lasts mins to days. Possible outcomes:
complete resolution, abscess formation, or progression to chronic inflammation.
Age-related (senile) systemic amyloidosis: - CORRECT ANSWER: due to deposition of
normal (wild-type) TTR in myocardium and other sites. It has a slower progression of
cardiac dysfunction as compared with AL amyloidosis.
, AL (Primary amyloidosis): - CORRECT ANSWER: Due to deposition of proteins from Ig
Light Chains (Hence the "L" in AL). This can occur as a plasma cell disorder or as
associated with MM. Often affects multiple organ systems such as renal (nephrotic
syndrome) and cardiac (restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia), hematologic (easy
bruising), GI (hepatomegaly), and neurologic (neuropathy).
alpha-fetoprotein: - CORRECT ANSWER: normally made by the fetus. hepatocellular
carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, testicular cancer,
mixed germ cell tumor (when secreted with beta-hCG)
Anaplasia: - CORRECT ANSWER: Loss of structural differentiation and function of cells,
resembling primitive cells of the same tissue. **Often equated with undifferentiated
malignant neoplasms** May see 'GIANT CELLS' with a single large nucleus or several
nuclei.
Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at NMJ: - CORRECT ANSWER:
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (muscle weakness)-->small cell lung carcinoma
Apoptosis: - CORRECT ANSWER: Programmed cell death. REQUIRES ATP. Can occur
via the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways, both of which involve activation of cytosolic
caspases which mediate cellular breakdown. ***Unlike necrosis, apoptosis does not
involve significant inflammation. Involves eosinophilic cytoplasm, cell shrinkage,
pyknosis and basophilia, membrane blebbing and karyorrhexis, and formation of
apoptotic bodies which are phagocytosed. **DNA laddering is a sensitive indicator of
apoptosis** Occurs because during karyorrhexis endonucleases yield 180bp fragments.
Areas of colon: - CORRECT ANSWER: splenish flexure, colon
Areas of heart: - CORRECT ANSWER: Subendocardium (LV)
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