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Bio 120 - Exam 1 Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Monday, July 29, 2024 12:15 PMBio 120 - Exam 1 Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
Synapomorphy - ✔️✔️A shared derived character or trait state that distinguishes a clade
from the other organisms.
Analagous - ✔️✔️Having characteristics that are similar because of convergent evolution,
not homology.
Homologous - ✔️✔️Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry.
Porifera - ✔️✔️Sponges
No true tissues
Mostly marine, aquatic
Asymmetric
2 germ layers (endoderm and ectoderm)
No coelom
Sessile
Sessile - ✔️✔️Attached directly by its base without a stalk or peduncle.
Cnidaria - ✔️✔️Jellies, sea Anemones, corals, and hydras
Mostly marine, aquatic
Radial
2 germ layers (endoderm and ectoderm)
Acoelomate
2 types of body forms (polyp and medusae)
Unique characteristic: cnidocytes
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,©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Monday, July 29, 2024 12:15 PM
Which phyla have true tissues? - ✔️✔️Eumetazoans
What are the two body types of Cnidarians? - ✔️✔️Medusoid and polypoid
What animal group/phyla has no tissue layers? - ✔️✔️Porifera: sponges
Cnidocytes - ✔️✔️Stinging cells found in the ectodermal layer of cnidarians.
Spicules - ✔️✔️Small, hard, needle-like structures that make a sponges endoskeleton.
Flagellum - ✔️✔️Attached to the ends of the cells that help pump water through the
sponge.
Choanocyte - ✔️✔️Cells that line the interior of a sponge. Also known as "collar cells."
What is the first animal clade to exhibit triploblasty? - ✔️✔️Playhelmenthis: soft,
unsegmented worms
Coelom - ✔️✔️A fluid filled cavity that stores and protects the major organs and allows
the internal organs to move independently from the body wall. Also provides shock
resistance. Even though all coelomates are triploblast, NOT ALL triploblasts have a
coelom.
Metazoa - ✔️✔️All of the multicellular animals as a whole.
Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Chordata, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca,
Annelida, Nematoda, and Arthropoda
Eumetazoa - ✔️✔️Contains the "true animals" that have more complex tissue and tissue
organization.
Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Chordata, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida,
Nematoda, and Arthropoda
Lophotrochozoa - ✔️✔️Widest range of body forms. All species contain either a
trohophore larva and/or a lophophore.
Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, and Annelida
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Ecdysozoa - ✔️✔️Contains animals that shed their skeleton.
Nematoda and Arthropoda
Dueterostomia - ✔️✔️The first opening of these animals in embryonic development is the
anus.
Echinodermata and Chordata
Ctenophora - ✔️✔️Comb Jellies
Aquatic
Radial
Two germ layers
Acoelomate
Unique characteristic: ctenes
What are the three major functions of a body cavity? - ✔️✔️1. Fluid cushions the
suspended organs, helping to prevent from injury.
2. Enables the internal organs to grow and move independent from the outer body wall.
3. In soft bodied bilaterians, such as worms, the coelom contains compressible fluid that
acts like a skeleton against which muscles can work.
Ctenes - ✔️✔️A locomotive organ consisting of a row of strong cilia whose bases are
fused. Also known as a comb plate.
Diploblast - ✔️✔️Two germ layers (endoderm and ectoderm).
Triploblast - ✔️✔️Three germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm).
Ecdysis - ✔️✔️Molting of the skeleton.
What are the closest living relatives to animals? - ✔️✔️Both morphological and DNA
evidence show Choanoflagellates are the closest living relatives.
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, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Monday, July 29, 2024 12:15 PM
Prototheria (Monotremes) - ✔️✔️Mammals that produce milk and have hair, but lack
nipples. They are the only mammals to lay eggs.
Metatheria (Marsupials) - ✔️✔️Mammals that have nipples that provide milk and give
birth to live young. Offspring are born early in development; they finish their growth
while nursing from a nipple. Poorly developed placenta, short gestation period, and a
marsupium or pouch.
Eutherians - ✔️✔️Mammals that have a longer pregnancy than marsupials, and they
have a more complex placenta. Most mammals belong to this clade.
Placenta - ✔️✔️A structure in which nutrients diffuse into the embryo from the mother
blood.
Which lineages of mammalia have a placenta? - ✔️✔️Marsupials and Eutherians both
have a placenta but it is more complex in Eutherians.
What is the evolutionary significance of the amniotic egg? - ✔️✔️It was crucial for the
land dwellers because it allows embryos to develop in their own "private pond" of the
amniotic sac.
What is the evolutionary significance of the Coelacanth in terms of tetrapod evolution? -
✔️✔️The Coelacanths were lobe finned fishes meaning they had jointed muscular fins.
These fins were eventually replaced by limbs creating the tetrapods.
Vertabrates - ✔️✔️Organisms with a backbone, a well-defined head with a brain, eyes,
and other sensory organs, as well as a skull.
Gnathostomes - ✔️✔️A member of the vertebrate subgroup possessing jaws.
Osteichthyes - ✔️✔️Vertebrates with jaws and mostly bony skeletons.
Tetrapods - ✔️✔️Vertebrates with limbs by digits.
True or False?
All chordates have a vertebrate. - ✔️✔️False
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