Exam (elaborations)
N471 Final Exam Flashcards _ PRAO) QUESTIONS WITH 100- CORRECT!!.pdf
- Course
- Institution
N471 Final Exam Flashcards _ PRAO) QUESTIONS WITH 100- CORRECT!!.pdf
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
8/13/24, 5:36 AMN471 Final Exam
Jeremiah
ilyia_
Terms in this set (257)
What is an epidural hematoma (EDH)? an accumulation of arterial blood between inner skull and dura mater
traumatic head injury
What causes an EDH?
SKULL FRACTURE + laceration of middle meningeal artery
brief loss of consciousness followed by brief period of lucidity
Symptoms of an EDH
PROGRESSIVE (as blood builds up) neuro symptoms (confusion, weakness)
reverse anticoagulation
Treatment for an EDH? urgent surgical evacuation (suction blood) to prevent brain damage, herniation, and
death
Dura mater
Name the meninges of the brain in order arachnoid
from outer to inner pia mater
What is a subdural hematoma (SDH) and CRESCENT-SHAPED bleeding btwn dura mater and arachnoid mater
what does it present as?
traumatic injury > spontaneous
What causes a SDH? **acceleration, deceleration, rotational forces (e.g. stopping car) -> TEARING of
bridging veins in that space causes a VENOUS bleed
Acute
What are the different types of SDH? Subacute
Chronic
Acute SDH: cause traumatic injury to head
decreased LOC
Acute SDH symptoms weakness on 1 side (opposite side of bleed)
unequal pupil size & reaction to light
ABCs, reverse anticoagulation, surgery to remove blood via craniotomy vs craniectomy
and drain placement
Acute SDH treatment & RN role
N471 Final Exam
RN role: neuro exam, manage drain, post-op care, pain control, transport for post-op
CT scans
1/9
, 8/13/24, 5:36 AM
not seen as often
SDH develops 4 days-3 weeks post-injury
Subacute SDH classification
sx worsen more slowly than with aSDH
same treatment as aSDH
pts with balance disturbances often on anticoagulant (long term use of aspirin or
Who does Chronic SDH mainly affect? alcohol)
common scenario: elderly person falls and hits their head
When does a chronic SDH present? symptom onset 21 days + after injury
sx: vary increased confusion, lethargy, HA, weakness
Symptom and treatment of chronic SDH?
treatment: burr hole craniotomy with subdural drain placement
EDH: arterial blood, skull fracture
Explain the differences between EDH and
SDH?
SDH: venous blood, under dura (still attached to skull)
a traumatic injury from a direct impact, deceleration injury, penetrating wound, and/or
What is a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
blast injury (indirect trauma)
falls
fire-arm related suicide
Leading causes of TBIs
MVC
assaults
>75 y.o. had highest rates of hospitalizations & deaths
Incidence rates of TBI males 2-3x more than women
U.S service members common
Mild: GCS 14-15 (like a concussion) -> urgent care or ED
TBI classification Moderate: GCS 9-13
Severe: GCS 3-8
direct trauma to the head leading to a brain injury that causes a loss of consciousness
for a few seconds to 30 minutes
Definition of a concussion and symptoms
seen
sx: confusion, disorientation, period of amnesia, HA, dizziness, nausea, irritability,
inability to concentrate, impaired memory, fatigue
GCS 9-13
Moderate TBI may lose consciousness >30 minutes but less than 24 hrs
monitored in hospital -> med/surg or neuro floor
GCS <8
Severe TBI
require ICU care
primary: skull and brain- TREAT
Primary versus secondary injuries in TBIs
secondary: additional biochemical and physiologic changes - PREVENT
linear skull fracture
Most common skull fracture seen on CT scan
other: depressed skull fracture (sunken in)
N471 Final Exam
2/9
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Denyss. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now