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Final exam, micro 260, LCC
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Final exam, micro 260, LCCQuestion And Answers
"flesh-eating" bacteria- etiologic agent of necrotizing faciitis - -beta
hemolytic Gr A strep (strep pyogenes)
- 2 enzymes that help a pathogen spread in tissue - -kinase,
hyalurinidase, collagenase, neuraminidase
- 2 mechanisms whereby bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics - -
enzyme that inactivates antibiotic, alteration of antibiotic binding site,
metabolic bypass of inhibited reactions, reduce uptake, efflux pumps
remove abx
- 2 virulence factors for beta hemolytic Gr A strep (strep pyogenes) - -
Hemolysins,
hyaluronidase
streptokinase,
M protein,
capsule
- 2 virulence factors for Staph aureus - -Coagulase, TSS toxin 1,
enterotoxin
- a "pseudomembrane" in the throat is a classic sign of infection with
this organism - -Corynebacterium ditheriae
- A microbe-host association in which the microbe benefits but the host
is unaffected is - -commensal
- a type of vaccine that contains live organisms - -Attenuated vaccine
- adaptive immunity - --specific recognition of pathogen
-memory
- Advantage and disadvantage of attenuated vaccines - -advantage-
most effective at inducing life long immunity
disadvantage- can cause disease in immunocompromised patients, or can
revert to virulent form
- Advantage and disadvantage of inactivated vaccines. - -advantage-
safe, cannot cause disease.
disadvantage- weaker immune response, requires boosters
, - agglutination - -they clump particles together so phagocytosis can
occur more efficiently
- airborne - -carried by dust or droplets suspending in the air
- An acid- fast organism with a waxy cell wall that enables it to survive
inside phagoctes. Still a leading infectious disease worldwide - -
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- An example of a fomite would be - -a contaminated bedpan
a drinking glass used by patient
bandages from an infected wound cutting board.
- An example of naturally acquired active immunity - -actually having
had the disease
- An example of vehicle transmission - -Waterborne, foodborne, or
airborne
- an inactivated toxin used in vaccines - -toxoid
- An inanimate object involved in indirect transmission of an infectious
agent - -fomite
- An infection acquired during the course of hospitalization - -
Nosocomial infection
- Antibiotics are not effective after the onset of this stage of whooping
cough - -stage 3- paroxysmal stage
- Antibodies are secreted by? - -plasma cells
- antibody - -specific immunoglobulin a protein molecule produced in
response to antigens
- Antibody mediated cytotoxicity - -The Fc region of the antibody
interacts with eosinophils which release enzymes and reactive oxygen
species to attack parasites
- antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity - -the aspect of immunity that
is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as
secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial
peptides.
- Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity involves - -antibodies
antigens
b cells
plasma cells
, - antigen - -a molecule that stimulates an adaptive immune response
- are exotoxins found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria? - -no
false
- artificial active immunity - -Artificially acquired active immunity can be
induced by a vaccine, a substance that contains antigen. A vaccine
stimulates a primary response against the antigen without causing
symptoms of the disease
- Artificial passive immunity would result from? - -receiving a gamma
globulin shot
- Associated with miscarriages, stillbirths, sepsis, and meningitis from
contaminated dairy products - -Listeria monocytogenes
- Autoimmune response following strep throat - -Rheumatic fever
- B cells - -arise from hematopoietic stem cell
b cells mature in the bone marrow responsible for production of
glycoproteins called antibodies
- B cells - -develop in fetal development all receptors unique
mature in bone marrow
do not require antigen to be processed. can process antigen themselves.
when activated divide into many clones or plasma cells.
operate easier with T cells
- Bacillus anthracis has an ID50 when entering through the skin, and
ID50 of 10,000 to 20,000 when inhaled, and an ID50 of 250,000-1,000,000
when ingested. Which portal of entry is the most successful (least host
resistance) for Bacillus anthracis? - -skin because it has the lowest
requirement of cells in order to be fatal with ID50
- Bacillus antracis - -cutaneous, gastrointestinal, pulmonary forms
biological weapon
- Bacteria in the bloodstream following dental work would be? - -
transient microbiota
- Beta-lactamase works by - -inactivating/destroying penicillin
- body regions that contain normal flora - -Skin- staphylococcus
epidermidis and propionibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium
Eye- dermodex folluculorum(follicle mite)
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