BIO 121 Exam 1 Chapters 1-4 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 121
Institution
BIO 121
Environmental Science The scientific study of how the natural world works, how our environment affects us, and how we affect our environment
Natural Resources the goods provided by the environment. Can be renewable or nonrenewable
Ecosystem Services natural systems provided by the environment
Ec...
BIO 121 Exam 1 Chapters 1-4 Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Environmental Science ✅The scientific study of how the natural world works, how our
environment affects us, and how we affect our environment
Natural Resources ✅the goods provided by the environment. Can be renewable or
nonrenewable
Ecosystem Services ✅natural systems provided by the environment
Ecological Footprint ✅a quantitative measure of resource consumption based on the
cumulative area of biologically productive land and water
Two Big jumps in our population due to: ✅Agricultural Revolution and Industrial
Revolution
Environmentalism ✅a social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world from
undesirable changes brought on by human actions. NOT THE SAME AS
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
What does science do? ✅science is a systematic process for learning about the world
and testing our understanding of it
Observational(Descriptive) Science ✅Gather basic information (typically direct
observation)
Hypothesis-Driven Science ✅based on basic information of patterns and processes
and more targeted and structured
Scientific Method ✅1. Make an Observation
2. Ask a Question
3. Form a Hypothesis that answers the Question
4. Make a prediction based on the Hypothesis
5. Do an experiment to test the Hypothesis
6. Analyze results
7. Hypothesis is correct or incorrect
8. Report results and repeat if needed
Environmental Ethics ✅application of ethical standards to relationships between
people and nonhuman entities
, Anthropocentrism ✅human centered view
Biocentrism ✅ascribes inherent value to certain living things
Ecocentrism ✅judges actions in terms of their effects on whole ecological systems
John Muir ✅Preservation Ethic: people should protect the natural environment in a
pristine, unaltered state
Gifford Pinchot ✅Conservation Ethic: people should put natural resources to use but
that we have a responsibility to manage them wisely
Aldo Leopold ✅wrote "The Land Ethic" argue people should view themselves and the
land as members of the same community, therefor we must treat the land in an ethical
manner
Sustainability ✅living within our planet's means, such that the Earth can sustain all life,
including us, for the future
Lithosphere ✅rock and sediment
Atmosphere ✅surrounding air
Hydrosphere ✅all water (salt, fresh, brackish, liquid, ice, vapor, etc)
Biosphere ✅encompasses Earth's biotic and the abiotic portions they interact with
Negative Feedback ✅works to stabilize a system
Positive Feedback ✅drive a system towards an extreme, generally destabilizing
Matter ✅a material that has mass and occupies space as a solid, liquid, or gas
Law of Conservation of Matter ✅Matter may be transformed from one type of
substance to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed
Important elements for living organisms (NUTRIENTS) ✅carbon, nitrogen, calcium,
phosphorus
Increase in Carbon in ocean leads to... ✅acidification which decreases calcium
carbonate which prevents crustaceans from shell formation
Energy ✅an intangible phenomenon that can change position, physical composition, or
temperature of a matter
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