PCB 3023 Exam 2: Transcription and Translation Questions And Answers Graded A+
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Course
PCB 3023 Transcription and Translation
Institution
PCB 3023 Transcription And Translation
alternative splicing - - Splicing of introns in a pre-mRNA that occurs in different ways
- leads to different mRNAs that code for different proteins
- Increases the diversity of proteins.
dna transcription vs replication - - replication synthesizes new (daughter) DNA
- transcription of DNA form...
PCB 3023 Exam 2: Transcription and
Translation
alternative splicing - - Splicing of introns in a pre-mRNA that occurs in different ways
- leads to different mRNAs that code for different proteins
- Increases the diversity of proteins.
dna transcription vs replication - - replication synthesizes new (daughter) DNA
- transcription of DNA forms RNA
does the structure of the DNA (nucleosomes) impact the ability of the RNA polymerase to transcribe
genes? - - yes
- tightly bound nucleosomes, it's harder to get to the DNA so there is less expression
- DNA is more exposed when the histones aren't packed together so tightly
what direction does transcription proceed? - RNA is synthesized 5' to 3'
what nucleotides are used in RNA synthesis? - - adenine
- guanine
- cytosine
- uracil
what is a promoter in RNA transcription? why is it important? - - promoter: a sequence in the DNA
where the transcription is initiated
- importance: control the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA
Transcription steps - 1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination
, what is an intron? - - a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and
interrupts the sequence of genes.
what is an exon? - - An expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
is it true that one gene codes for one protein? - - no, genes can code for a number of proteins
what happens after mRNA as been transcribed in euks? - - mRNA is exported to the cytosol for
processing which includes: capping of the 5' end, splicing, and polyadenylation of the 3' end
what is alternative splicing? how does this impact the protein which will be produced by the transcript -
- mRNA processing events that lead to different combinations of exons being spliced together
- the protein will be changed
binding proteins - - stabilize separate strands
- TFIIH, TFIID -> TBP
general transcription factors - - TATA box in the promoter
- binding proteins
- RNA polymerases
mRNA - - messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the
ribosome
tRNA - - transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
rRNA - - ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
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