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Fundamentals Quiz 1: Ch 24 Asepsis and Infection Control with 100% Correct Answers
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Fundamentals Quiz 1: Ch 24 Asepsis and Infection Control with 100% Correct Answers
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©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Tuesday, July 23, 2024 10:52 AMFundamentals Quiz 1: Ch 24 Asepsis and Infection
Control with 100% Correct Answers
Infection - ✔️✔️a disease state resulting from the presence of pathogens in or on the body.
Infection occurs as a result of a cyclic process
List the components of the infection cycle (6) - ✔️✔️1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. means of transmission
5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host
Name the 3 types of infectious agents, and which one is most significant and most commonly
observed infection-causing agent in health care institutions? - ✔️✔️1. bacteria--most sig/common
2. virus
3. fungus
What are the 3 ways bacteria can be categorized into? - ✔️✔️1. shape (spherical = cocci; rod
shaped = bacilli; corkscrew = spirochetes)
2. Gram + or -
3. Oxygen requirements (anaerobic or aerobic)
Name 3 most common infections caused by viruses? - ✔️✔️1. Influenza/common cold
2. Hepatitis B and C
3. AIDS
T or F: some antiviral medications are effective with some viral infections and when given in the
prodromal stage of certain viruses, these meds can shorten the full stage of the illness - ✔️✔️T.
Antibiotics have no effect on viruses btw
Where can fungi occur? - ✔️✔️soil, water, air; plant=like organisms (molds and yeasts) that can
cause infection
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,©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Tuesday, July 23, 2024 10:52 AM
name some examples of fungal infections? - ✔️✔️athletes foot, ringworm, yeast infection
Define parasites; give an example - ✔️✔️organisms that live on or in a host and rely on it for
nourishment; malaria occurs when parasite infects mosquito then it feeds on humans
What 4 factors does an organism's potential to produce disease in a person depend on? - ✔️✔️1.
number of organisms
2. Virulence of organism--ability to cause disease
3. Competence of person's immune system
4. Length and intimacy (extent) of contact between person and microorganism
Endemic - ✔️✔️occurs with predictability in one specific region or population
Normal flora - ✔️✔️microorganisms that commonly inhabit various body sites and are a part of
the body's natural defense system
Opportunistic organisms - ✔️✔️organisms, typically bacteria or fungus, that normally cause no
problem but with certain factors, may potentially be harmful in susceptible people
Colonization - ✔️✔️when a bacteria or organism resides in a person's body but there are NO
clinical signs of an infection; if person's defense mechanisms are ineffective in responding to the
bacterial invasion (colonization) then infection will result
Infection (relative to differentiating it from colonization) - ✔️✔️present once the person exhibits
specific manifestations of the disease
Define Carriers - ✔️✔️carriers are people who act as reservoirs for an infectious agent but do no
exhibit any manifestations of the disease; although asymptomatic, they CAN transmit the disease
Define reservoir - ✔️✔️the reservoir for growth and multiplication of microorganisms is the
natural habitat of the organism
Name two other common reservoirs besides people - ✔️✔️1. animals
2. fomites (inanimate objects)
Define Portal of Exit - ✔️✔️the point of escape for the organism from the reservoir.
Name common portals of exits in humans (5) - ✔️✔️1. Respiratory
2. GI
3. Genitourinary tracts
4. breaks in skin
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5. blood and tissue
Name the 3 types of means of transmission and any subcategories if applicable - ✔️✔️1. Contact
(indirect and direct)
2. Airborne
3. Droplet
Indirect contact transmission involves personal contact with either (2 things): - ✔️✔️1. a Vector--
living creature that transmits an infectious agent to a human, usually an insect
2. a fomite /inanimate object such as countertops or equipment
Describe airborne transmission and how the infectious agent may be transmitted? - ✔️✔️this route
of transmission can occur when an infected host coughs, sneezes, or talks, or when organism
becomes attached to dust particles. Airborne particles are smaller than 5 mcm
Describe Droplet transmission route - ✔️✔️droplet particles are greater than 5 mcm and can also
be transmitted through same airborne ways
Portal of Entry - ✔️✔️point at which organisms enter a new host; entry route is often the same as
the exit route from the prior reservoir. Skin, urinary, respiratory, GI tracts common portal of
entries
What are the two requirements that allow a microorganism to survive in a source? - ✔️✔️1. source
provides shelter and nourishment (a host)
2. microorganism must overcome any resistance mounted by the host's defenses
Define susceptibility - ✔️✔️degree of resistance the potential host has to the pathogen
List only, the 4 stages of an infection - ✔️✔️1. Incubation period
2. Prodromal stage
3. Full (acute) stage of illness
4. Convalscent period
Define Incubation period: how long it lasts, what pathogen is doing, signs and symptoms, etc. -
✔️✔️interval between pathogen's invasion of the body and appearance of symptoms of infection.
Organisms are multiplying and growing. Length varies depending.
Define Prodromal Stage: length of stage, what organism is doing, S&S, etc. - ✔️✔️person is
MOST infectious. Early signs and symptoms of disease are present. Pt feels vague and
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